应急管理第一响应者制度综述

第一响应者最早产生于医疗紧急救护中,属于志愿服务,并在欧美国家得到发展和广泛运用。美国在交通事故管理和突发事件应对中发展了第一响应者的概念,一是服务内容从医疗救护扩大至其他突发事件应急管理,二是第一响应者不仅限于志愿服务,也包括专业机构首先到达现场的人。我国历史上曾有赤脚医生、辅助警察等现实意义的第一响应者制度,但我国目前的第一响应者主要集中在突发事件信息员,特别缺乏应急处置的第一响应者。中德政府合作的搜索救援＂第一响应者＂培训对第一响应者进行了新的定义,增加了现场组织管理能力培训。我国应该大力培训应急救援＂第一响应者＂教官,并逐步制定有关志愿服务法律。

A summary of first responders in emergency management

The first responders was first produced in medical emergency ambulance,they are volunteers.They were developed and widely used In the United States and Europe,the United States developed the concept of first responders in traffic management and emergency response： services extended from the emergency medical service to other emergency management service,first responders are not only volunteers,but also including professional bodies who first arrived at the scene.We have barefoot doctors,auxiliary police and other practical significance first responders system in our history,but current first responders focus on emergency information,we lack first responders for emergency response in particularly in China.A new definition for first responders was given by Sino-German Government＇s cooperation with the search and rescue ＂first responder＂ training,the capacity of on-site organization and management of first responders was added to the training course.China should vigorously training ＂first responders＂ instructors for emergency search and rescue,and gradually develop the law on volunteer services.