程序性死亡蛋白1及其配体在结直肠癌中的临床研究现状

程序性死亡蛋白-1(Programmed cell death protein-1,PD-1)通过与程序性死亡蛋白配体-1(Programmed cell death protein ligand-1,PD-L1)相互作用进而发挥负向调节机体免疫反应机制,促使肿瘤细胞发生免疫逃逸。以PD-1/PD-L1为靶点的免疫治疗已成为肿瘤治疗的新模式。目前,手术和放化疗仍然是结直肠癌的主要治疗手段,但生存率没有明显的改善。研究显示PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂单药治疗或与放化疗和手术联合治疗在结直肠癌中取得了可观的效果,且相关的临床试验正在进行。本文阐述了PD-1/PD-L1信号通路相关的分子生物学机制及PD-L1的表达与结直肠癌放化疗和预后的关系,并介绍了PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂在结直肠癌中的临床研究进展。

Clinical research status of programmed cell death protein-1 and its ligand in colorectal cancer

Programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1)plays a negative role in regulating immune response by interacting with programmed cell death protein ligand-1(PD-L1),which promotes tumor cell immune escape.Immunotherapy targeting PD-1/PD-L1 has become a new model of tumor therapy.At present,surgery and radiotherapy and chemotherapy are still the main treatment for colorectal cancer,but the survival rate has not been significantly improved.Studies have shown that PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors alone or combined with radiotherapy,chemotherapy and surgery have achieved considerable results in colorectal cancer,and related clinical trials are ongoing.This article reviews the molecular biological mechanism of PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway and the relationship between the expression of PD-L1 and the chemoradiotherapy and prognosis of colorectal cancer,and introduces the clinical research progress of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in colorectal cancer.