土壤种子库在生态园林工程中的应用潜力 研究

土壤种子库作为自然生态系统的基因库,是传统生态修复的主要手段之一,但在生态园林建设中并未引起足够的重视。以广东省深圳市为例,选取梧桐山自然保护区2种具有代表性的群落类型(常绿阔叶混交林和荔枝纯林),研究了土壤种子库的萌发特征,以及覆盖物(椰糠和园林废弃物)对常绿阔叶混交林土壤种子库演替初期群落生长的影响。结果表明:1)2种林型土壤种子库物种丰富度相当,分别为常绿阔叶混交林9种、荔枝纯林8种,荔枝纯林土壤种子库密度和覆盖率分别为576.29粒/m~2、15.31%,明显高于常绿阔叶混交林236.93粒/m~2、7.57%;2)覆盖物能显著提升常绿阔叶混交林土壤种子库种子萌发的数量及早期演替群落的覆盖度,具体表现为:椰糠组(密度:648.58粒/m~2、覆盖率:13.74%)园林废弃物组(密度:368.56粒/m~2、覆盖率:11.11%)对照组(密度:236.93粒/m~2、覆盖率:7.57%);3)2种林型土壤种子库与地上植被的物种相似度均很低,分别为常绿阔叶混交林0.16,荔枝纯林0.19。结果表明,从土壤种子库的物种丰富度、密度和早期演替群落盖度来看,梧桐山土壤种子库在生态园林工程中的应用潜力很大,可以作为深圳乃至华南地区生态园林建设的重要手段。同时,在实际工程应用中,可以运用椰糠等覆盖物促进种子的萌发及演替早期群落的形成。

Research on the Application Potential of Soil Seed Bank in Ecological Landscape Engineering

As the gene bank of natural ecosystems, soil seed bank is one of the main methods of traditional ecological restoration, but it has not attracted enough attention in the construction of ecological gardens. Taking Shenzhen City of Guangdong Province as an example, this paper selects two representative community types (evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest and Litchi chinensis forest) in Wutongshan Nature Reserve, and studies the germination characteristics of soil seed bank and the effects of coverings (coconut and garden waste) on community growth in the early stage of soil seed bank succession in evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest. The results showed that: 1) The species richness of the two forest type soil seed banks is equivalent, which are 9 kinds of evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest and 8 kinds of Litchi chinensis forest. The soil seed bank density and coverage rate of Litchi chinensis forest were 576.29 grains/m2 and 15.31%, which was significantly higher than the 236.93 grains/m2 and 7.57% of the evergreen broadleaved mixed forest; 2) The covering can significantly increase the number of seed germination and the coverage of early succession communities in the soil seed bank of evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest, the specific performance is: cocoon group (density: 648.58 grains/m2 , coverage: 13.74%) > garden waste group (density: 368.56 grains/m2 , coverage: 11.11%) > control group (density: 236.93 grains/m2 , coverage: 7.57%); 3) The species similarity between the two forest type soil seed banks and the aboveground vegetation was very low, the evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest was 0.16, and the Litchi chinensis forest was 0.19. Conclusion: From the species richness, density and early succession coverage of soil seed bank, the application of soil seed bank in Wutong Mountain has great potential in ecological garden engineering, which can be used as an important means of ecological garden construction in Shenzhen and even in southern China. At the same time, in practical engineering applications, coconut and other coverings can be used to promote seed germination and succession of early community formation