高血压患者自我健康管理现状及影响因素研究

目的 调查高血压患者自我健康管理现状并探讨其影响因素，为提高高血压患者自我健康管理水平提供参考资料。方法 以2022年1—4月在河南省人民医院就诊的高血压患者为研究对象，采用高血压自我管理行为测评量表评估患者的自我健康管理现状，包括饮食管理、用药管理、情绪管理、工作与休息管理、病情监测、运动管理情况。通过调查问卷获取患者的性别、年龄、文化程度、高血压家族史、高血压病程、高血压分级、其他基础疾病资料。采用单、多因素分析方法确定高血压患者自我健康管理现状的影响因素。结果 1 432例高血压患者自我管理行为总分（75.21±4.70）分，饮食管理、用药管理、情绪管理、工作与休息管理、病情监测、运动管理维度评分分别为（（19.73±2.69）、（13.58±1.37）、（15.91±1.71）、（12.80±1.26）、（11.14±1.19）、（6.08±0.95）分。多重线性回归分析显示年龄（β’=0.237）、文化程度（β’=0.191）、高血压病程（β’=0.184）、高血压分级（β’=0.251）、其他基础疾病（β’=-0.234）是高血压患者自我健康管理现状的影响因素。结论 高血压...

Status and influencing factors of self-health management in hypertensive patients

Objective To investigate the status of self-health management in hypertensive patients and explore its influencing factors, to provide a reference for improving the level of self-health management in hypertensive patients. Methods Hypertensive patients who received medical treatment in Henan Provincial People's Hospital from January to April 2022 were selected to evaluate the status of self-health management by Self-Management Behavior Assessment Scale, including diet management, medication management, emotional management, work and rest management, disease monitoring, and exercise management. Data of gender, age, education level, family history of hypertension, course of hypertension, grade of hypertension, and other underlying diseases were obtained by questionnaires. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the influencing factors of the self-health management of hypertensive patients. Results The total score of self-management behavior of 1 432 hypertensive patients was （75.21±4.70） points. The scores of diet management, medication management, emotional management, work and rest management, disease monitoring, and exercise management were （19.73±2.69） points, （13.58±1.37） points, （15.91±1.71） points, （12.80±1.26） points, （11.14±1.19） points, and （6.08±0.95） points, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age （β'=0.237）, an education level （β'=0.191）, course of hypertension （β'=0.184）, grade of hypertension （β'=0.251）, and other underlying diseases （β'=-0.234） were factors influencing the status of self-health management in hypertensive patients. Conclusions The status of self-health management of hypertensive patients is not ideal, which is affected by many factors such as age, education level, course of hypertension, grade of hypertension, and other underlying diseases. Personalized health management can be strengthened for different groups of patients to improve their self-management ability and control hypertension.