健康促进学校干预模式对学校和家庭控烟环境的影响

目的了解健康促进学校模式预防和控制青少年吸烟对学校和家庭环境的影响,为评价干预效果提供参考。方法在广州市4所中学开展为期1a的初中生吸烟干预试验,评价指标为与吸烟相关的学校物质环境和社会环境、对学生家庭的辐射作用和父母参与学生控烟的积极性。结果52.7%的学生能感觉到拒烟的校风在过去1a中增加,46.1%报告教师当面吸烟的情况减少,40.2%报告厕所内烟蒂减少,39.2%报告后勤人员吸烟减少,38.4%报告校道操场烟蒂减少,35.5%报告来访人员在校内吸烟减少,而报告班上吸烟同学减少和学校吸烟同学减少的分别为35.0%和32.7%。62.2%的学生家长报告“孩子在家提及了学校控烟工作”,71.5%报告“孩子携带控烟资料回家”,68.4%“阅读了孩子带回的资料”,69.8%和孩子“签订了无烟家庭协议书”。干预后,家长“教育孩子不要吸烟”的比例有所上升,“向孩子讲述吸烟危害健康知识”的也有所增加。家长“自己参与控烟的意愿”在干预后有明显的上升(P<0.05)。结论干预项目的实施对吸烟相关的学校环境产生了积极的作用,还部分辐射到学生家庭,一定程度上提高了父母参与控烟的积极性。

Environmental Impact of School-based Smoking Prevention on School and Family

Objective To evaluate the environmental effect (school and family) of smoking prevention among Chinese adolescents with the model of health promotion school. Methods A one-year school-based intervention on smoking was conducted among students from four secondary schools. The evaluation measurements included the changes of smoking-related school physical and social environment, the spread effect on students' families and parents' willingness to participate in adolescent smoking. Results In the intervention group, 52.7% of the students could sense that anti-smoking atmosphere in school had strengthened during the past year and 46.1% reported that fewer teachers smoked in front of them. The percentage of those students who reported that cigarette butts had decreased was 40.2% in toilets, 38.4% in school avenues and playground. About 39.2% of the students said that fewer school workers smoked, and 35.5% said that fewer visiting guests smoked. The percentage of students who felt fewer classmates smoking was 35.0%, and that of whom felt fewer schoolmates smoking was 32.7%. Among the parents, 62.2% reported that their children had mentioned tobacco control in school, and 71.5% reported that their children had bought materials of tobacco control in school, and 71.5% reported that their children had bought materials of tobacco control back home, and 68.4% had read those materials, and 69.8% had signed the agreements of building families free of smoking with their children. The percentage of those parents who often taught their children not to smoke increased slightly after intervention. Meanwhile, the percentage of those parents who often taught their children smoking-related knowledge also went up during the one year period. Similarly, parental willingness to participate in adolescent smoking prevention became significantly higher after intervention(P<0.05). Conclusion The intervention has caused positive changes to the school smoking-related environment.Spread effects of intervention have been observed in students' families and their parents show more willingness to participate in adolescent smoking prevention.