大都市旅行社业空间分布及其演化——以上海市为例

通过对上海市旅行社长期数据的收集与整理，运用GIS 地理空间分析方法，分析大都市旅行社空间分布格局及其演化，探讨旅游产业空间分布及其演化的影响因素。结果显示：上海市旅行社空间分布由初始的“单核心集聚中心，两次级集聚中心，各集聚中心分散”的分布格局，发展到当前的“环形核心集聚区，C 型次级集聚环，各集聚中心连接”的总体空间分布格局。旅行社空间扩张方向上，由市中心不断向西、向西南的扩展趋势更加明显，向东、东北方向扩展较弱。旅行社空间扩张趋势上，向各级商业区、景点景区、人口聚集区等周围不断扩散。旅行社空间集散的总体演化特征呈现出由分散―低集聚―高集聚的演化态势，并且集聚程度不断加强。旅行社产业空间布局及其演化受到城市空间格局、人口分布、区域开发、旅游资源、接待能力、交通等综合作用的影响。

Spatial Distribution and Evolution of Metropolitan Travel Agency Industry: A Case Study of Shanghai City

Through the long-term data collection for Shanghai travel agencies, the spatial distribution pattern and its evolution of metropolitan travel agencies are studied with GIS analysis method, the influencing factors on the distribution and evolution of tourism industry are analyzed. The results are as follows: The spatial distribution pattern of the travel agencies in Shanghai was composed of "a gathering center with single core and two dispersal sub-centers ", and now the overall spatial distribution pattern has become "a ring core cluster with C-typed clustered secondary agglomeration rings". The expansion direction of the travel agencies is more obviously from the city center to the west and the southwest, while less to the east and northeast. The travel agencies continuously spread to all levels of business districts, scenic spots, and population accumulation areas. The evolution of the spatial distribution of the travel agencies is characterized by the process from low concentration to high concentration, and the degree of the agglomeration is increasing. Industrial spatial distribution of travel agencies and its evolution are influenced by the factors such as urban spatial patterns, population distribution, regional development, tourism resources, reception capacity, communications condition and so on. The analysis of the spatial distribution and evolution of travel agencies in metropolis would be helpful to metropolitan tourism industrial structure adjustment and industrial space layout.