煤炭企业粉尘控制现状调查研究

采用典型抽样的方法选择具有粉尘危害的5个煤炭企业作为研究现场;调查对象包括企业负责人、接尘人员、职业病防制人员、工程技术人员及粉尘监测人员。调查内容包括企业的基本情况,粉尘防治的制度和措施,接尘工人对粉尘防治知识的知信行等。调查方式为问卷调查,定性访谈和查阅档案等方式。用Epidata 3.0建立数据库,以SAS 8.0进行统计学分析。结果发现,随着诊断年代的推移,新发尘肺病例Ⅰ期所占比例呈逐渐增大趋势。各类人员对粉尘危害及其可预防性有一定程度的认识;对基本防尘措施认识程度高;对国家相关法规认识程度低。在所调查的478名接尘人员中,只有59.4%的人知道发过宣传材料。接尘人员个人防护用品使用率为72.6%,而且每次都使用者不到总人数的1/2,防护用品的舒适性差是其不使用的主要原因。企业中仍有18.8%的职工没做过岗前体检。所调查的五个煤矿防尘设施较为完备,运转情况基本良好,但防尘效果一般。粉尘浓度监测工作开展不规范,企业粉尘管理工作不完善,存在粉尘危害及预防知识的宣传力度不够、职业健康体检体系不健全、防尘措施不到位、粉尘浓度监测可能存在漏洞等问题,在粉尘管理方面仍需采取相应措施。

Investigation study on current situation of dust management in coal enterprises

To know the current situation of dust administration and control,and questions existed in the dust management in coal enterprises,so as to provide evidences for formulating the plan of prevention for coal workers＇ pneumonoconiosis.Subjects and Methods Five coal enterprises were selected as field studies by the typical sampling method.Some coal workers,occupational health personnel,dust prevention workers and dust monitor personnel were investigated by face to face questionaire and qualitative interview.Historical data were collected from the files of the five coal enterprises and pneumoconiosis diagnostic data.Database was set up in Epidata3.0,and the data were analyzed by SAS.Results With the time going,the proportion of category Ⅰpneumoconiosis gradually increased.Subjects were very aware of the dust hazard and the necessity of the measure for dust prevention while they were not very familiar with the country＇s law for dust control,the right for worker＇s health,and the supervision for dust.Among 478 Investigated coal workers,only 59.4% of people knew that firm had distributed propaganda materials.The using percentage of preventive material for the workers who exposed to dust directly was only 72.6%,and the percentage for those who use preventive material each time was less than 50%.Bad comfort of using prevention material might be the main reasons to refuse the using among workers.18.8% of employees still did not make pre-service medical examination.The devices for preventing dust were more perfect and went well,but there still had existed phenomenons that some dustproof facilities were not running.Conclusions There remained some questions that Dust hazard and dust prevention knowledge were lack of publicity,occupational health examination work was not integrity,dust control measures were inadequate,and the monitoring for the dust concentration might have some bugs.The corresponding measures have to be taken in the dust management.