中国物权法草案的修改意见:总体结构与制定目的

在中国民法典制定进程中,单行法模式也是一种较为现实的选择。全国人大常委会2004年10月15日委员长会议审议稿《中华人民共和国物权法(草案)》采五编制结构,虽不失严谨,但也是作茧自缚。物权法在总体设计上应该采取较为松散的结构模式。一种可供选择的总体结构包括12章和附则,依次为:通则,所有权,关于土地、矿藏、森林、草原、江海湖泊等自然资源的使用,地役权,居住权,典权,抵押权,质权,留置权,让与担保,优先权,占有,以及施行法。作为一部单行法,物权法在第1条中规定立法目的是有必要的。草案第1条规定基本上体现了物权法的价值取向,但也有失宽泛。建议将该条修改为:“为了保护物权权利人的民事权益,明确物的归属,充分发挥物的效用,制定本法。”

Amendment Opinions about the Property Law Draft of the People's Republic of China: General Structure and Regulation Aims

In drafting the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China, it is a realistic choice to compile the specific regulations. The Property Law Draft of the People's Republic of China which was examined by the Committee Board of the Standing Committee of National People's Congress adopted a five-part structure. This structure is logically tightly connected, while get enmeshed in a web of its own spinning. The Property law should adopt a comparatively looser structure. Hereby, an option is presented, which is consisted of 12 chapters and a chapter of the supplementary articles. The structure should include general provisions, ownership, regulations about the use and exploit of the lands, mineral resources, forests, grasslands, seas, rivers and lakes, servitude, right of habitation, lien, alien mortgage, priority, possession and law of application. As a specific regulation, it is necessary for the Property Law to set forth the regulation aims as article 1. Article 1 of the Draft basically embodies the values intended to be absorbed in the whole regulation, while overbroad and ambiguous. The amendment about this article can go as following, "In order to protect the civil rights and interests of the property rights owners, to make clear the vest of the rights and to make full use of the property, the property law is enacted".