放疗增敏PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂疗效的研究进展

程序性死亡受体-1(PD-1)/程序性死亡受体-配体(PD-L1)抑制剂治疗现已批准用于多种肿瘤,但其单药治疗疗效偏低。如何通过放疗来增敏PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂的疗效,是放疗业界研究的热点。放疗与PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂的联合应用,在多项研究中已显示出生存获益。然而电离辐射对于PD-1/PD-L1免疫治疗而言,是一把双刃剑。如何在充分发挥放疗免疫激活作用的同时,尽量避免放疗的免疫抑制效应,这与放疗的剂量选择、分割模式、治疗时机选择及治疗部位数目等密切相关。为此,本文针对晚期转移性肿瘤治疗中,如何优化放疗联合抗PD-1/PD-L1治疗做一综述。

Research progress on application of radiotherapy to sensitize PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors

Programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1(PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors have been approved for a variety of tumors, whereas the efficacy as monotherapy is low. How to sensitize the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors through combined radiotherapy is the current research focus. Multiple studies have demonstrated that the combination of radiotherapy and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy has yielded survival benefits. Nevertheless, ionizing radiation is a double-edged sword for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. For patients with metastatic cancers, radiotherapy should be fully exerted as a sensitizer to systemic anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy and the immunosuppressive effects should be avoided as much as possible. It is closely correlated with the selection of radiation dose, fraction size, treatment timing and irradiated numbers and sites. Therefore, this article reviews how to optimize radiotherapy combined with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment scheduled for advanced stage metastatic cancers.