西藏“十四五”电力发展重点探讨

西藏清洁能源资源尤其是水电资源十分丰富。但由于电源开发程度较低，加之电源出力特性与电网负荷特性不匹配，“十二五”以来西藏电网长期呈现出“丰盈枯缺”的供需特点。随着清洁能源开发力度的不断加大，“十四五”西藏电源整体投产规模将远远超过其实际用电需求，但新增电源又大多远离电网负荷中心。如何满足用电需求并促进电源和电网协调发展，为构建国家清洁能源基地奠定基础，将成为西藏“十四五”电力发展的首要课题。根据西藏电网结构、电源分布及供需形势，结合能源资源特点，通过研究对比“十四五”及以后电力供应措施，明确西藏“十四五”电力发展重点。

Discussion on Focus of Power Development in Tibet during the 14th Five-Year Plan

Clean energy resources, especially hydropower resources are very rich in Tibet. However, due to the low level of power source development and the mismatch between the power output characteristics and the grid load characteristics, the Tibet Power Grid have long been “surplus in flood season and shortage in dry season” in power supply and demand characteristics since the “12th Five-Year Plan” period. As the development of clean energy resources continues to increase, the overall production scale of Tibet's power supply during the “14th Five-Year Plan” period will far exceed its actual electricity demand, but most of the newly added power sources are far away from the grid load center. It is therefore the primary objective of the Tibet's “14th Five-Year Power Development Plan” to meet the electricity demand, promote the coordinated development of power supply and grid, and lay the foundation for the construction of the national clean energy base. According to Tibet's power grid structure, power sources distribution, and power supply and demand situation, and combined with the characteristics of energy resources, the power development focus of Tibet's “14th Five-Year Plan” are clarified in this paper through study and comparison of the power supply measures in the “14th Five-Year Plan” period and the years afterward.