黄淮海平原水浇地、旱地不同熟制的气候资源利用

为了合理利用气候资源,提高土地生产力,探索适合我国国情与黄淮海平原的种植制度,1980—1984年期间在平原北部(北京)水浇地上连续进行了五年田间试验,1983年和1984年两年又增加了水浇地与旱地对比,并在平原中部黑龙港地区的北京农业大学曲周试验站及平原南部属黄淮平原的河南省淮阳县增加了两个点。试验设水浇地和旱地两部分,各有一年一熟(冬小麦、春玉米和春大豆)和一年两熟(冬小麦复播玉米、冬小麦套播玉米和冬小麦复播大豆)。栽培管理按当地中上水平进行。

UTILIZATION OF CLIMATIC RESOURCES FOR DIFFERENT PLANTING SYSTEMS ON IRRIGATED OR NON-IRRIGATED LAND IN THE HUANG-HUAI-HAI PLAIN

Studies on the characteristics of climatic resource were made with different cropping systems both on irrigated and rainfed plots and different climatic types in three places, Beijing, Quzhou, Huaiyang, located on the northern fringe, in the central and southern parts of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, respectively. The results indicate that the efficiency of solar energy application of double cropping on irrigated land increased by 98-111% in all the places, as compared to single cropping. On rainfed land, however, the efficiency increased only 35% in Beijing, on the northern fringe of the plains, and 98-100% on the southern plains (Huaiyang).Systematic observations indicated that the soil moisture in the top 1 m soil layer on the rainfed land during the winter wheat growth at Huaiyang was higher than that on irrigated land in Beijing.The analysis of the ratio of solar energy utilization indicated that if the precipitation and heat were not enough to meet the need of the growth of crops and the value of Leaf Area Index (LAI) was small, more attention should be paid to increasing the value; otherwise, growth season would be delayed. In the case of the latter, double cropping had many advantages than single cropping for raising the efficiency of climatic resource.The study of components of productivity was made based on the natural and artificial energy with the energy intercepted by crops.