近年来江苏省海岸带土地利用/覆被变化时空动态研究

海岸带是陆海生态系统交错带，具有重要的经济与生态价值，其生态环境具有脆弱性特征。海岸带的开发利用使其地区生态环境发生变化，而土地利用/覆被变化是地区生态环境变化的重要组成部分和主要原因之一。取1980、2000、2005、2008年4个时相的TM遥感影像为数据源，通过土地利用结构、土地利用多样性以及土地利用程度指数分析江苏省1980年以来海岸带土地利用/覆被变化的时空动态特征，揭示地域差异与梯度分异特征。研究结果表明：（1）江苏省海岸带土地利用结构表现为生态用地占比高，城镇与农村居民点占比低的特征。1980年以来，不同土地利用类型数量不断变化而结构相对稳定；类型趋于多样化且利用强度增加。（2）江苏省海岸带土地利用存在地域差异特征。土地利用结构存在不同模式且变化相对稳定；土地利用程度在南北方向上存在高 低 高分布特征，但逐步被打破。（3）江苏省海岸带土地利用在陆海方向上存在梯度特征。土地利用多样性陆海方向呈现低 高 低模式，土地利用强度陆海方向呈现高 中 低模式。土地利用多样性高值区逐步向海岸带中部移动；海岸带各缓冲区土地利用程度分异逐步增大。以射阳河口作为分界点，南北地区梯度规律存在差异性

SPATIAL-TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGE IN THE COASTAL ZONE OF JIANGSU PROVINCE

Coastal zone is a crisscross zone of land and ocean ecosystem,of which the ecological environment is vulnerable and with significant economy and ecology value.Land use and land cover change is one of the most important components and major causes to regional environmental changes which are caused by the exploitation of coastal zone.The paper took four TM remote sensing images of coastal zone of Jiangsu in 1980,2000,2005,and 2008 as data,and analyzed the spatial-temporal dynamics of coastal zone in Jiangsu,by land use structure,land use diversity and land use degree.The results revealed that there were obvious spatial differences and grading diversifications in land-ocean direction.The main land use type in coastal zone is ecological land which is greatly different with the developed area.Among 13 counties in coastal zone,land use degree has a feature of high-low-high in north-south direction.From 1980 to 2008,the spatial differences on land use structure and land use diversity are stable,but the feature of land use degree gradually disappears.Among five buffers in land-ocean direction of coastal zone,land use diversity and land use degree respectively have feature of low-high-low and high-middle-low in land-ocean direction.From 1980 to 2008,the area with high-value of land use diversity moves to the middle of coastal zone.The coefficient of variation among five buffers becomes lager.The grading diversifications are different in the north and south area of coastal zone,which is divided by the Sheyang estuary.