超临界二氧化碳萃取葡萄籽油工艺优化

为了回收利用葡萄酒酿造过程产生的副产品中的有效成分，本文利用超临界CO₂萃取技术从葡萄籽中提取含有不饱和脂肪酸的葡萄籽油，意在考量超临界CO₂技术在萃取葡萄籽油方面的作用。设计单因素实验，研究了萃取压力、萃取温度、CO₂流量以及停留时间对葡萄籽油萃取率的影响。单因素实验结果表明萃取压力对萃取结果的影响最为显著。萃取温度和CO₂流量对萃取率的影响都存在最佳值，当温度和流量超过最佳值，萃取率开始降低。在单因素实验的基础上进行响应面实验，采用中心复合设计进行实验方案设计以优化萃取葡萄籽油工艺。对响应面实验结果进行方差分析，建立多元回归模型，模型P值<0.0001，预测超临界CO₂萃取葡萄籽油的最佳萃取条件为：萃取压力28MPa、萃取温度321 K、CO₂流量15.5L/h，停留时间155min，萃取率达到14.12%。

Optimization of grape seed oil extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide

To recycle the valuable by product of the wine industry, supercritical carbon dioxide (CO₂) extraction was used to extract oil with unsaturated fatty acids from the grape seeds. The goal was to test the extraction of grape seed oil by the supercritical CO₂ extraction technique. Single parameter experiments were designed to investigate the influence of extraction pressure, extraction temperature, CO₂ flow rate, and residence time. The extraction pressure was the main factor to affect the extraction yield. The optimal values of extraction temperature and CO₂ flow rate for the extraction yield of grape seed oil were obtained. The response surface experiments were designed based on the result of single parameter experiments. Central composite design(CCD) was chosen to find the optimal conditions for the extraction of grape seed oil. The multivariate regression equation was established and the variance analysis was carried out, The model P-value is less than 0.0001. At the optimal extraction conditions:28MPa for extraction pressure, 321K for extraction temperature, 15.5L/h for CO₂ flow rate, and 155 min for residence time, the extraction yield of 14.12% was achived.