陕西秦巴山区野生兰科植物资源分布及保护对策

陕西秦巴山区分布有野生兰科植物41属、80种,分别占陕西省兰科植物属和种的100%和97.6%.水平分布主要集中在汉中、安康、宝鸡、商洛4市,每个市又集中分布在各市设立的国家级自然保护区,垂直分布集中在海拔800～3 000 m范围内,属和种分别占秦巴山区野生兰科植物属和种的82.9%和73.8%.秦巴山区野生兰科植物资源的保护利用还处于较原始的状态,人为的滥采乱挖给资源保护带来了巨大压力.籍此,提出重视就地保护工作;在自然环境下进行迁地保护;成立专门机构加强对观赏、药用兰科植物的人工栽培研究等野生兰科植物资源保护对策.

Distribution and Conservation Strategies of Wild Orchids Resources in Qinba Mountains of Shanxi

41 genus and 80 species of wild orchids are distributed in Shanxi Qinba Mountains, , respectively accounts for 100% and 97.6% of the genus and species of orchids in Shanxi Province. The horizontal distribution of the wild orchids is mainly concentrated in the National Nature Reserves in the cities of Hanzhong, Ankang, Baoji, Shangluo; and the vertical distribution is concentrated in the altitude range of 800 ~3000 m, principally among 800 -2000 m, which accounts for the 82.9% and 73.8% of genus and species distribution of wild orchids in Qinba Mountains. The conservation and utilization for the germplasm resources of the Qinba Mountain Wild orchids are still in a very primitive state, and the disorder digging up has been brought tremendous pressure on the protection of germplasm resources of the Qinha Mountain Wild orchids and other resources, it was put forward to protect the wild orchids in the existing national Nature Reserves, and to transplant properly to Nature Reserve at the same time under the premise of not destructing and affecting the original habitat and community proliferation, as well as to set up special orchid research institution to strengthen the studies on the cultivation of ornamental, medicinal orchids plants to achieve the protection for wild orchid germplasm resources.