钻井液封堵性对徐闻区块涠三段井壁失稳的影响

在徐闻区块钻井过程中,钻遇涠洲组时发生了井塌等井下复杂事故,但通过对测井数据和地层3个压力剖面数据分析,发现钻井使用的钻井液密度均高于地层坍塌压力当量密度,且涠三段地层层理裂隙比较发育。利用给出的坍塌压力当量钻井液密度简化计算式,计算了钻井液浸泡后岩心坍塌压力的变化,其结果表明,随着钻井液浸泡时间的增加,岩石强度下降,进而造成地层坍塌压力大幅度增加,岩心浸泡5 d坍塌压力增加了12.15%。对涠三段地层井壁失稳情况及影响因素进行了分析,认为该层位井壁失稳机理为:钻井液封堵性不足以阻止钻井液滤液侵入地层,造成地层强度下降和近井壁孔隙压力升高,进而导致地层坍塌压力升高,诱发井壁坍塌。采用有机盐、包被剂和胺基抑制剂改善了钻井液抑制性,采用ZHFD、QS-4和NFA-25作为封堵剂,形成了强封堵强抑制的有机盐胺基钻井液,延长了井壁坍塌周期,有效解决了涠三段井壁失稳的技术难题。 

Effect of Sealing and Plugging Capacity of Drilling Fluid on Borehole Stability of Weisan Member in Block Xuwen

Borehole instability of the Weizhou Member has been encountered during drilling in Block Xuwen, although the mud weight used exceeded the equivalent density calculated from the collapse pressure of the formation, as known from logging data and analyses of 3 pressure profiles. It was found that fractures and fissures were developed in the Weisan Member. In laboratory experiments, cores taken from the formation of interest were immersed in drilling fluid, and changes in collapse pressure were calculated using a simplified equation of calculating mud weight from collapse pressure. It was found that the rock strength decreased with immersion time, resulting in a large increase in collapse pressure of formation; in the experiments, the collapse pressure increased by 12.15% after 5 d of immersion in drilling fluid. Analyses of borehole instability in the Weisan Member indicated that lack of sealing and plugging of formation by drilling fluid resulted in filtrate invasion, which in turn reduced the strengths of formation and increased the pressure of formations near the wellbore. The collapse pressure of formation was thus increased, resulting in borehole instability. Based on these understandings, the formulation of drilling fluid was modified by adding organic salts, encapsulators and amine additives into the drilling fluid, and using ZHFD, QS-4 and NFA-25 as plugging agents. With this optimized drilling fluid, the time required for the borehole to collapse was prolonged, and borehole instability of the Weisan Member was prevented.