An adaptive image steganographic scheme based on Noise Visibility Function and an optimal chaotic based encryption method |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;2. CORISA, Department of Computer Science, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;1. School of Industrial Engineering and Center of Excellence for Intelligent-Based Experimental Mechanic, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran;2. School of Business, UNSW, Canberra, BC 2610, Australia;3. Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Tafresh, Iran;4. Decision Support and e-Service Intelligence Lab, Quantum Computation and Intelligent Systems, School of Software, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia;5. School of Mathematics and Statistics, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea;1. Department of Computer Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC;2. Department of Computer Science and Information Management, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan, ROC;3. Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan, ROC;4. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC;5. Department of Multimedia and Game Science, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Changhua, Taiwan, ROC;1. Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan, ROC;2. Department of Information Technology, Travinh University, Travinh Province, Viet Nam;3. Department of Computer Science and Information Management, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan, ROC;4. Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC;5. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, ROC;1. School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnic University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710129, PR China;2. School of Electronics and Information, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, PR China;3. Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, Birkbeck College, University of London, Bloomsbury, London WC1E 7HX, UK;4. Information Center of Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, PR China |
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| Abstract: | Steganography is the science of hiding secret message in an appropriate digital multimedia in such a way that the existence of the embedded message should be invisible to anyone apart from the sender or the intended recipient. This paper presents an irreversible scheme for hiding a secret image in the cover image that is able to improve both the visual quality and the security of the stego-image while still providing a large embedding capacity. This is achieved by a hybrid steganography scheme incorporates Noise Visibility Function (NVF) and an optimal chaotic based encryption scheme. In the embedding process, first to reduce the image distortion and to increase the embedding capacity, the payload of each region of the cover image is determined dynamically according to NVF. NVF analyzes the local image properties to identify the complex areas where more secret bits should be embedded. This ensures to maintain a high visual quality of the stego-image as well as a large embedding capacity. Second, the security of the secret image is brought about by an optimal chaotic based encryption scheme to transform the secret image into an encrypted image. Third, the optimal chaotic based encryption scheme is achieved by using a hybrid optimization of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) which is allowing us to find an optimal secret key. The optimal secret key is able to encrypt the secret image so as the rate of changes after embedding process be decreased which results in increasing the quality of the stego-image. In the extracting process, the secret image can be extracted from the stego-image losslessly without referring to the original cover image. The experimental results confirm that the proposed scheme not only has the ability to achieve a good trade-off between the payload and the stego-image quality, but also can resist against the statistics and image processing attacks. |
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| Keywords: | Image steganography Noise Visibility Function (NVF) Hybrid GA/PSO algorithm Human Visual Sensitivity (HVS) Least Significant Bit (LSB) Cryptography |
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