Stress-assisted martensitic transformations in steels: A 3-D phase-field study

A 3-D elastoplastic phase-field model is developed for modeling, using the finite-element method, the stress-assisted martensitic transformation by considering plastic deformation as well as the anisotropic elastic properties of steels. Phase-field simulations in 3-D are performed by considering different loading conditions on a single crystal of austenite in order to observe the microstructure evolution. The thermodynamic parameters corresponding to an Fe–0.3% C steel as well as the physical parameters corresponding to commercial steels, acquired from experimental results, are used as input data for the simulations. The simulation results clearly show the well-known Magee effect and the Greenwood–Johnson effect. The results also show that even though the applied stresses are below the yield limit of the material, plastic deformation initiates due to the martensitic transformation, i.e. the well-known transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) phenomenon. It is concluded that the loading conditions, TRIP as well as autocatalysis play a major role in the stress-assisted martensitic microstructure evolution.