下岗职工心理卫生状况及其相关因素研究

目的：探讨下岗职工心理卫生状况及其影响因素。方法：随机抽取保定市部分国有和集体企业下岗职工400人和在岗职工110人为调查对象。采用SCL－90、LES、EPQ、社会支持问卷和应对方式问卷分别对两组人中同进行调查。结果：20％的下岗职工存在心理障碍，与对照组（10％）比较有显著差异（P＜0．001）。主要表现为抑郁、焦虑、躯体比。女性较男性更为突出（P＜0．001）。下岗职工组LES总分、工作学习问题因子分高于对照组（P＜0．01）；EPQ的精神质、神经质高于对照组（P＜0．01）；社会支持量表总分及各因子分均低于对照组（P＜0．001）；应对方式问卷的消极应对因子分显著高于对照组（P＜0．001）。相关及回归分析表明：性别、消极应对、神经质个性特点及生活事件是影响下岗职工心理卫生状况的主要因素。结论：部分下岗职工存在着明显的心理障碍，应引起社会、政府、企业及心理卫生工作者的重视。

Mental Health of Unemployed Chinese Worker

Objective: To explore the mental health of unemployed Chinese worker. Method: 400 unemployed workers and 100 employed were measured with SCL- 90, EPQ, LES and so on. Results: 20％ unemployed was in abnormal mental state, which was different significantly from normal control. The most common problems included depression, anxiety and somatization. The total scores of LES, factor score of problem of learning and working, P & N of EPQ, negative coping score of The Ways of Coping Scale were higher in unemployed than control, while the total scores of Social Support Scale and its factor scores were lower than those of control. Correlation and regression analysis showed that the main influencing factors on mental health of unemployed were gender, negative behavior, neurotic personality and life events. Conclusion: Some unemployed Chinese workers were in poor mental health.