粉尘燃爆抑制与泄放动力学机理研究进展

摘 要：粉尘防爆是防范遏制生产安全事故的重要领域，围绕粉尘爆炸抑制效率低、高温火焰淬熄与泄压效率难以兼顾等问题，开展粉尘燃爆抑制与泄放技术研究，在事故初期遏制并降低事故后果，成为当今亟待解决的热点问题。分析总结了粉尘抑制反应动力学机理，阐明了抑制材料对粉尘燃爆气相反应和表面反应的抑制机制，介绍了粉尘爆炸高效抑制材料的研制；提出了高爆炸指数粉尘泄放面积设计方法，建立了泄爆压力与火焰的精确预测模型，对粉尘燃爆无焰泄放技术装备的特点与不足进行了探讨。

Progress in suppression and venting mechanism of dust explosion

Abstract: Dust explosion protection is an important field to prevent and mitigation safety accidents. Focusing on the problems in low efficiency of dust explosion suppression, flame quenching of high temperature and pressure venting efficiency are difficult to balance, etc., the research on dust explosion suppression and venting technology is carried out. Preventing and mitigating the consequences of accidents has become a hot issue to be solved urgently today. This paper analyzes and summarizes the kinetic mechanism of dust suppression reaction, clarifies the suppression mechanism of suppressants on gas-phase reaction and surface reaction of dust explosion, and introduces the development of high-efficiency suppressants for dust explosion. An accurate prediction model of explosion venting pressure and flame dimension is established. Finally, the characteristics and deficiencies of flameless venting technology and equipment for dust explosion are discussed. This paper has important guiding significance for the efficient prevention and control of dust explosion.