水稻种植对陕北盐碱地土壤理化性质的影响及耐盐碱水稻品种筛选

为明确种植水稻对陕北盐碱地土壤理化性质的影响，并筛选适宜陕北地区种植的耐盐渍水稻品种，进一步探索陕北盐碱地改良利用方式，以陕西省定边县堆子梁镇营盘梁村土地开发项目为契机，开展大田试验。结果表明，水稻种植可以显著改善盐碱地表层（0~20 cm）土壤的理化性质，表层土壤pH值和含盐量较未种植水稻前分别降低5.7%和25.5%，全氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质含量则分别提高117.3%、45.9%、27.7%和67.3%。另外，种植不同水稻品种对盐碱地土壤酸碱度和含盐量影响基本无差异，但对表层土壤养分含量影响存在一定差异，水稻收获后，种植东稻4号的土壤全氮、有效磷含量最高，种植宁粳28的土壤有机质含量最高。隆优619产量较宁粳28、东稻4号分别提高4.96%和42.78%。

Effects of Planting Rice on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Saline-alkali Land in Northern Shaanxi and Screening of Saline-alkali-tolerant Rice Varieties

In order to clarify the effects of rice planting on soil physical and chemical properties of saline-alkali land in Northern Shaanxi, screen salt tolerant rice varieties suitable for planting in Northern Shaanxi, and further explore the improvement and utilization mode of saline-alkali land in Northern Shaanxi, taking the land development project of Yingpanliang village, Duziliang Town, Dingbian County, Shaanxi Province as an example, we carried out a field experiment. The results showed that planting rice could significantly improve the physical and chemical properties of the saline alkali surface layer （0~20 cm） soil. The pH value and salt content of surface layer soil after planting rice reduced by 5.7% and 25.5% respectively, the total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter increased by 117.3%, 45.9%, 27.7% and 67.3%, respectively compared with those before regulation. In addition, different rice varieties had little difference on soil pH and salinity, but had a certain difference on nutrient content of surface layer soil in saline-alkali land. After rice harvest, the content of total nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil of planting Dongdao 4 was the highest, and the content of organic matter in soil of plant Ninggeng 28 was the highest. Longyou 619 had the highest yield among the three tested varieties, which were 5.0% and 42.8% higher than Ninggeng 28 and Dongdao 4, respectively.