分布式制氢技术进展及成本分析

当前，中国交通能源用氢气主要采用20 MPa长管拖车运输，运输效率低且成本较高，一定程度上限制了氢能的大规模应用。分布式制氢由于无氢气长距离运输困扰而受到人们越来越多重视。介绍了分布式甲醇制氢、天然气制氢、碱性电解水制氢、质子交换膜（PEM）电解水制氢以及氨分解制氢的技术进展并分析了制氢成本。分布式甲醇和天然气重整制氢技术较为成熟，原料价格对制氢成本影响较大；两种分布式电解水制氢方式均实现商业化应用，电价是影响制氢成本的重要因素，此外PEM电解水制氢设备初始投资较高，进一步增加了制氢成本；对于分布式氨分解制氢，商用技术有进一步提高，当前阶段经济竞争力低于甲醇制氢，但在碳中和背景下具有一定应用潜力。

PROGRESS AND COST ANALYSIS OF DISTRIBUTED HYDROGEN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY

At present, hydrogen for transportation energy in China is mainly transported by 20 MPa long tube trailers, which has low transportation efficiency and high cost, so the large-scale application of hydrogen energy is limited to a certain extent. Distributed hydrogen production has attracted more and more attention due to the lack of long-distance transportation troubles of hydrogen. In this paper, the technical progress of hydrogen production from distributed methanol, natural gas, alkaline electrolytic water, PEM electrolytic water and ammonia decomposition were introduced, and the cost of hydrogen production was analyzed. The technology of hydrogen production from distributed methanol and natural gas reforming hydrogen production technologies was mature, and the price of raw materials had a great influence on the cost of hydrogen production. For distributed water electrolysis hydrogen production, both methods of hydrogen production have achieved commercial application. The price of electricity was an important factor affecting the cost of hydrogen production. In addition, the initial investment of PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment was relatively high, which further increased the cost of hydrogen production. For hydrogen production by distributed ammonia decomposition, there is room for further improvement of commercial technology. At the current stage, the economic competitiveness of ammonia decomposition hydrogen production is lower than that of methanol reforming hydrogen production, but it has certain application potential under the background of carbon neutrality.