烟台市城区3~6岁儿童超重(肥胖)对体质健康影响分析

目的了解烟台市城区3~6岁儿童超重(肥胖)情况与体质状况,探索超重(肥胖)对儿童身体素质的影响,为改善学龄前儿童体质,防制儿童肥胖并促进其健康提供科学依据。方法多阶段整群抽取烟台市城区13所幼儿园3~6岁儿童795名,运用频数分析、χ^(2)检验、多因素logistic回归分析等统计检验方法,对超重(肥胖)分布、体质综合评价、超重(肥胖)对身体素质影响等进行分析。结果3~6岁儿童超重(肥胖)比例为34.33%,不同性别(P=0.001)、不同年龄(P=0.000)儿童超重(肥胖)发生率差异均有统计学意义;不同性别(P=0.000)、不同年龄(P=0.000)正常体重与超重(肥胖)儿童体质综合评价差异均有统计学意义;超重(肥胖)对儿童10 m折返跑(OR=0.836)、双脚连续跳(OR=0.824)有负向影响,对网球掷远(OR=1.245)有正向影响。结论烟台市城区3~6岁儿童超重(肥胖)比例较高,男童、5、6岁儿童是重点干预对象;相比正常体重儿童,不同性别、不同年龄的超重(肥胖)儿童体质综合评价均较差,超重(肥胖)女童、3岁超重(肥胖)儿童体质健康问题最为突出;超重(肥胖)儿童耐力素质和下肢力量较差,上肢力量较好。

Influence of overweight (obesity) on physical health of children aged 3-6 years in urban areas of Yantai City

Objective To understand the overweight (obesity) and physical status of children aged 3-6 years in urban areas of Yantai City, and to explore the impact of overweight (obesity) on children's physical health so as to provide a scientific basis for improving the physical condition of preschoolers, preventing obesity and promoting good health in children. Methods A multistage cluster sampling method was used to select 795 children aged 3-6 years from 13 kindergartens in urban areas of Yantai City. Frequency analysis, χ² test, multivariate logistic regression analysis and other statistical test methods were employed to analyze the distribution of overweight (obesity), comprehensive evaluation of physique, and the impact of overweight (obesity) on children's physique. Results The proportion of overweight (obesity) in children aged 3-6 years was 34.33%. There were statistically significant differences in the prevalence rate of overweight (obesity) in children of different genders (P=0.001) and different ages (P=0.000). Normal weight and overweight (obese) children of different genders (P=0.000) and different ages(P=0.000) showed statistically significant differences on the comprehensive evaluation of physical fitness. Overweight (obesity) had a negative impact on children's 10-meter reentry run (OR=0.836) and double foot continuous jump (OR=0.824), but a positive impact on tennis throw distance (OR=1.245). Conclusion The proportion of overweight (obesity) in children aged 3-6 years in urban areas of Yantai City is high, and boys and children aged 5-6 years are the key intervention subjects. The comprehensive evaluation of physical fitness of overweight (obese) children of different genders and ages is inferior to that of normal weight children, of which the physical health problems of overweight (obese) girls and 3-year-old overweight (obese) children are the most serious. Overweight (obese) children have poor endurance quality and lower limb strength, but better upper limb strength.