广东省2004-2005年居民死亡模式分析

目的了解广东省城乡居民死亡率水平、死因构成和变化趋势，掌握主要死亡原因和人群分布特征。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法在广东省抽取13个县区开展2004-2005年居民死因回顾性调查，对其中12个县区的资料进行分析，分析指标主要有死亡率、标化死亡率、死因构成和死因顺位。结果广东省12个调查点2004-2005年共死亡99919例，年均粗死亡率为658．6／10万，标化死亡率436．3／10万。男性标化死亡率（549．4／10万）高于女性（334．0／10万）（P〈0．01），农村标化死亡率（458．6／10万）高于城市（387．2／10万）（P〈0．叭）；慢性非传染性疾病、损伤和中毒、感染性疾病和母婴疾病死亡率分别为560．6／10万、50．9／10万和34．1／10万，分别占总死因的85．1％、7．7％和5．2％。前5位死因是恶性肿瘤、脑血管疾病、心血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病、损伤和中毒。5岁以下幼儿死亡率最高是围生期疾病，占总死因的35．1％，5—14岁儿童首位死因是损伤和中毒（55．8％），15～59岁青壮年首位死因是恶性肿瘤（38．1％），60岁及以上老年人首位死因是循环系统疾病（44．5％）。居民平均寿命为75．5岁，每年各类疾病和损伤导致全省居民潜在寿命损失年（YPLL）估计为340．6万人年，男性207．9万人年，女性132．7万人年，城市142．6万人年，农村198．0万人年。慢性非传染性疾病、损伤和中毒、感染性疾病和母婴疾病导致的YPLL分别为164．1、116．3、49．2万人年，分别占总死亡YPLL的48．2％、34．1％、14．4％。结论广东省居民死亡率较高，居民主要死于慢性非传染性疾病，慢性病已成为危害居民健康的重大疾病，应采取综合防治措施遏制慢性病的发展。

Death pattern of residents in Guangdong Province, 2004-2005

Objective To understand the level of mortality, causes of death and trends of urban and rural residents in Guangdong Province, to grasp the main cause of death and population distribution. Methods Thirteen counties are selected to conduct death retrospective survey by cluster random sampling method. Data from 12 counties were analyzed. The indicators included death rate, standard death rate, and order of death causes. Results The crude death rate was 658.6/100 000, while the standard death rate 436. 3/100 000. The standard death rate was 549.4/100 000 in male, higher than that （334. 0/100 000） in female （P 〈0. 01 ） ; and was 458.6/100 000 in rural area, higher than that （387.2/100 000） in urban area （P 〈0. 01 ）. Chronic non- communicable diseases, injury and poisoning, infectious diseases and maternal and child disease death rates were 560. 6/100 000, 50. 9/100 000 and 34. 1/100 000, respectively, accounting for 85.1% , 7. 7% and 5.2% of the total cause of death. The top five causes of death were cancer, cerebrovascular disease, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, injury and poisoning. The mortality rate of perinatal diseases was the highest for the age under 5 years, accounting for 35.1% of the total death cause. For 5 - 14 years old children, the top cause of death was injuries and poisoning （55.8%）. Cancer （38. 1% ） was the first cause of death for 15 -59 years old people. The top cause of death was circulation system disease （44. 5% ） for old people aged 60 years old and above. Average life expectancy of residents was 75.5 years. The total years of potential life loss （YPLL） was about 3 406 thousand person - years, 2 079 thousand person - years in male, 1 327 thousand person - years in female, and 1 426 thousand person- years in urban area, 1 980 thousand person -years in rural area. YPLL induced by chronic non - communicable diseases, injury and poisoning, infectious diseases and maternal and infant disease were 1 641 thousand person - years, 1 163 thousand person - years, 492 thousand person - years, respectively, accounting for 48. 2%, 34. 1%, 14. 5%, respectively. Conclusion Death rate in Guangdong was higher than average lever. Chronic non -communicable diseases have become the main cause of death, and mainly jeopardized residents＇ health. It is high time to take comprehensive measures to curb the progressive tend.