中国东部地区流动人口城市间横向迁移规律

基于中国东部地区6 个城市流动人口问卷调查,并在对已有人口迁移规律研究进行梳理的基础上,通过比较流动人口每一次迁移前一城市和后一城市的差异以及整个迁移过程中迁移速度、迁移距离、迁移城市规模、城市经济发展水平、区域路径等方面的变化趋势,分析流动人口进入城市后在城市间横向迁移的规律和特点。研究发现:东部地区流动人口城市间横向迁移不仅速度快,城市平均居留时间短,而且在多次迁移过程中迁移流向、迁移的空间轨迹方面呈现出更为复杂的特点:随着迁移次数的增加,迁移距离增加,遵循由近及远的同时回流现象明显;随着迁移次数的增加,由收入较高城市流向收入较低城市的比例以及流向中等城市的比例显著提高,不存在由大到小的递补特征;在相邻城市或相同经济区范围内多次往返迁移现象明显。

The migration patterns of floating population across cities in eastern China

Based on a survey in six cities of eastern China and theory of migration, this article compares current situation with the patterns of Chinese migration in the past decades, and explores certain important characteristics and law of the migration process of floating population, such as migration frequency, distance, urban scale, urban development level and spatial path between origin and destination cities in each migration and in an entire migration process. Results show that floating population in eastern China migrates frequently across cities, and stays for a short period averagely after leaving their rural homes. Its movement patterns are complex in terms of migration direction and spatial trajectory, which indicates more floating population moved transprovincially to a longer distance with more times of migration, and as the same time more floating population returns to cities in hometown provinces. More and more migrants tend to move to middle-sized and low-income cities along with movements, though flows to big-sized cities, and high-income cities are still the mainstream. These findings show that floating population becomes more rational in choosing their destination cities. Cities in home provinces, and other cities in current host provinces become the transit places to destination cities, and floating population is inclined to move back and forward between several cities in a certain economic region.