2009年山西省地方性砷中毒调查分析

目的了解山西省地方性砷中毒的病情分布,为今后的防治工作提供科学依据。方法 2009年,根据《地方病防治项目技术方案》的要求,结合山西省的实际情况,在已确定的地方性砷中毒病区周围选择10个县的37个村进行水砷含量和病情调查;水砷含量检测采用原子荧光法,砷中毒病情诊断按《地方性砷中毒诊断标准》（WS/T 211-2001）进行诊断。结果 37个村中,未改水村12个、已改水村25个,未改水村水砷超标现象比较严重,最高的达到了0.498 0 mg/L,已改水村中,水砷含量最高的为0.043 2 mg/L,最低的为0.000 1 mg/L,符合国家饮用水水砷卫生标准（〈0.05 mg/L）;未改水村共调查了13 332人,查出砷中毒患者155人,患病率1.16%（155/13 332）,其中轻度患者104人,占0.78%（104/13 332）,中度患者51人,占0.38%（51/13 332）,无重度患者;根据病区判定标准,这12个村均为新发现的砷中毒病区。已改水村共调查19 603人,查出砷中毒患者260人,患病率1.33%（260/19 603）,其中轻度患者223人,占1.14%（223/19 603）,中度患者36人,占0.18%（36/19 603）,重度患者1人,占0.005%（1/19 603）。本次调查的37个村病情较轻。结论在地方性砷中毒病区周围仍然有新病区出现,今后应注重在病区邻近地区进行水砷和病情的调查工作,进一步摸清山西省的地方性砷中毒分布状况。

Analysis and survey of endemic arsenic poisoning in Shanxi Province in 2009

Objective To explore distribution of endemic arsenic poisoning to provide scientific evidence for its prevention in Shanxi Province.Methods According to ＂The National Technical Scheme for Endemic Disease Control＂,37 villages were selected to detect for arsenic content in drinking water and to investigate the situation of endemic arsenic poisoning in 10 counties in 2009.The level of arsenic content in drinking water was detected with atomic fluorescence method.Patients with endemic arsenic poisoning were diagnosed in accordance with The Standard of Diagnosis for Endemic Arsenic poisoning（WS/T211-2001）.Results Out of the 37 villages,there were 12 villages of unimproved water and 25 of improved water.It was severe that water arsenic content was over normal in the villages without improved water,with the maximal water arsenic content of 0.498 mg/L.In the water-improved villages,the maximal water arsenic content was 0.043 2 mg/L and the minimal water arsenic content was 0.000 1 mg/L,which were in accordence with the national health standard of arsenic content in drinking water（0.05 mg/L）.In the villages of unimproved water,totally 13 332 people were investigated with 155 individuals with arsenism,with prevalence rate of 1.16%（155/13 332）,including 104 of the mild,occupied 0.78%（104/13 332）,51 of the moderate,accounting for 0.38%（51/13 332）,and none of the severe.According to the determination standard for endemic area,the 12 villages were new endemic areas of arsenism.In the water-improved villages,19 603 persons were investigated with discovery of 260 patients with arsenism（prevalence of 1.33%,260/19 603）,covering 1.14%（223/19 603）of the mild,0.18%（36/19 603）of the moderate,and 0.005%（1/19603）of the severe.In this survey,the endemic condition was mild in the 37 villages.Conclusions Around the endemic arsenium area,there are still some undiscovered endemic areas of arsenism.It is necessary to investigate arsenic content in drinking water and endemic condition in vicinity areas,in order to master the distribution of endemic arsenium in Shanxi Province.