炼油装置加热炉节能途径与制约因素

加热炉是炼油装置的能耗大户，其节能水平对于提高炼油装置的节能水平具有重要意义。介绍了加热炉主要的节能途径：优化换热流程，降低加热炉热负荷；加热炉与其他设备联合回收余热；降低排烟温度、降低过剩空气系数、减少不完全燃烧损失、减少散热损失以提高加热炉热效率。探讨了上述节能途径的主要技术措施及应注意的问题。阐述了进一步提高加热炉节能水平的制约因素：降低排烟温度，要考虑经济性和露点腐蚀;过分降低炉外壁温度，会导致费用过高；预热空气温度过高对环保不利。提出了进一步提高加热炉节能水平的建议;认真净化燃料，降低露点温度;开发新的余热回收工艺；开发并应用“蓄热式高温空气预热贫氧燃烧技术”等新的燃烧技术；加强运行管理。

Energy-saving Approaches and Constraints for Heating Furnace of Refining Unit

The heating furnace is a major energy consumer in an oil refinery.Its energy efficiency is the key to the enhancement of energy efficiency of refining units.This article describes the main approaches for saving energy for heating furnaces,which include optimizing the heat exchanging process,reducing the thermal load on the heating furnace ,recovering residual heat in the heating furnace as well as other equipment and reducing exhaust gas temperature,excess air coefficient,loss of incomplete combustion and heat loss to raise the thermal efficiency of the heating furnace.The article also describes the main technologies involved and key issues to be considered in the above approaches and analyzes the constraints on the enhancement of energy efficiency of the heating furnace.These constraints are：economical efficiency and dew-point corrosion must be considered when deciding to reduce exhaust gas temperature ;reducing the temperature on the external wall of the furnace will incur high expenses ;excessively high temperature of preheated air is harmful to the environment.The article makes some suggestions on raising the energy efficiency of the heating furnace,which include purifying fuels ,reducing dew-point temperature of fuels,developing new residual heat recovering technology,developing and using new combustion techniques such as the Regenerative High-Temperature Air Preheating Oxygen-Poor Combustion Technology,and strengthening operational management.