基于人口与地理分布的上海市卫生资源配置状况分析

目的]探究基于地理和人口分布的上海市卫生资源配置的现状与趋势,分析上海市卫生资源配置的公平性。方法]运用Lorenz曲线、Gini系数、集聚度指标、Theil指数分析上海市卫生资源配置及区域差异变化,并与其他3个直辖市城郊万人拥有卫生资源数进行比较。结果]①近年来上海市城区和郊区卫生机构数及万人拥有数均少于其他直辖市,对卫生机构分布总体差距贡献率62%以上,且城郊间差距有扩大趋势;②上海市床位配置总体差距在缩小,城郊间差距仍为总体差距的主要因素,郊区床位缺口较大;③上海市卫生技术人员配置总体差距在减小,城郊间差距仍为总体差距的主要因素。结论]上海市卫生资源缓慢增加,基于人口分布的卫生资源公平性优于地理分布的公平性,卫生资源配置仍集中在部分中心城区,郊区的卫生技术人员特别是注册护士紧缺。需通过相关扶持政策吸引卫生资源到人口增长较快的郊区,提升卫生资源配置的公平性。

Analysis on health rsource allocation in Shanghai based on population and geographical distribution

Object To explore the status and trends of health resource allocation in Shanghai based on geographical and population distribution,and analyze the fairness of health resource allocation.Methods It analyzed health resources allocation and the changes of regional difference in shanghai by Lorenz curve,Gini coefficient,agglomeration index,and Theil index,and compared with health resource in other three municipalities.Results 1.In recent years,the number of urban and suburban health institutions in Shanghai and health resource per 10,000 population were less than those in other municipalities,contribution rate was more than 62%to the overall gap in the distribution of health institutions,and the gap between urban and suburban areas was increasing.2.The overall gap of beds allocation was reducing,the gap between urban and suburban areas was still main factor for the overall gap,and the gap of beds in suburbs was relatively large.3.The overall gap in the allocation of health technicians in Shanghai was decreasing,The gap between urban and suburban areas remained main factor for the overall gap.Conclusions The health resources in Shanghai increases lowly.The fairness of health resources based on population distribution is better than the fairness of geographical distribution.The allocation of health resources is still concentrated in some central urban areas,it is short of health technicians,especially registered nurses in suburb.It is need attract health resources to suburbs with rapid population growth through relevant supportive policy and improve the fairness of health resource allocation.