小浪底水库支流倒灌与淤积形态模型试验

利用小浪底水库实体模型开展水库拦沙后期运用方式长系列年试验,对争议较大的库区支流倒灌及其淤积形态问题进行重点分析。结果表明:库区最大支流畛水河口门狭窄且库容较大,拦门沙问题最为突出,其纵坡面形态与设计有一定的差别;支流年淤积量与当年大于2600 m3/s流量时段的总水量有较好的相关性;通过优化水库运用方式可较长时期保持动态三角洲淤积形态,有利于支流库容的有效利用;水库干流河床处于动平衡状态时,支流河床仍然会逐渐淤积抬升而使得干支流淤积面高差趋于减少。

Model test of water intrusion and deposition morphology of tributary in Xiaolangdi Reservoir

Based on a physical model of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir,experiments on the operational mode of the reservoir during a later sediment retaining period were carried out to analyze water intrusion and deposition morphology of a tributary.The results show that the Zhenshui River,which is the largest tributary of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir,has a narrow estuary and an obvious sandbar problem,and its longitudinal surface is different from the design.There is good linear correlation between the annual sedimentation of the tributary and total water volume with a discharge of more than 2 600m3/s.By optimizing the reservoir operational mode,the deposition morphology of a dynamic delta can be maintained for a long time,which is better for efficient utilization of tributary storage.When the main river bed is in dynamic equilibrium,the height between main rivers bed and tributaries bed decreases due to the accretion of the tributary river bed.