不同植被对煤矿复垦区域土壤真菌多样性和酶活性的影响

为了评价不同植被对煤矿废弃地复垦区土壤生态修复的效果,本研究开展了桃树、杉树、李树等植被对复垦区土壤酶活性和真菌种群多样性的影响分析。结果表明：（1）不同植被下,脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和转化酶的活性差异显著。脲酶在对照中最高,桃树最低;酸性磷酸酶活性对照最高,杉树（0~20、40~60 cm）和桃树（20~40 cm）土壤中最低,且一般情况下酶活性随土层加深而降低,具有表聚性,但不同植被和不同土层的转化酶活性的变化表现不同;该区域土壤的pH随土层加深增高,最高为5.67,均呈酸性,除对照外,均表现出一定程度的差异性。（2）不同植被下,所有土壤样品的真菌种群优势门均为子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、担子菌门（Basidiomycota）、毛霉菌门（Mucoromycota）,季也蒙酵母属（Meyerozyma）和芽枝霉属（Cladosporium）为所有土壤样品都具有的优势属,而孢霉属（Mortierella）仅在柳树土壤中不是优势属,青霉菌属（Penicillium）、绿核菌属（Ustilaginoidea）是李树土壤中的优势属;盘菌属（Tricharina）是杉树土壤中的优势属;刺毛四枝孢（Tetracladium）是对照土壤中的优势属。通过综合非度量多维尺度分析（Non-metric multidimensional scaling, NMDS）表明,不同植被的土壤真菌群落组成差异较大,柳树0~20 cm、杉树20~40 cm、对照40~60 cm土壤中的真菌数量和多样性较丰富,其中桃树土壤中的真菌丰富度和多样性相对较低。本研究结果可以为其他煤矿复垦区域土壤生态修复研究提供借鉴。

Effects of Different Vegetation on Soil Fungal Diversity and Enzyme Activity in the Reclamation Area of Coal Mine Wasteland

In order to evaluate the effect of different vegetation on soil ecological restoration in reclaimed areas of coal mine wasteland, the effects of Amygdalus persica L., Taxodiaceae Warming and Prunus L. on soil enzyme activity and fungal population diversity in reclaimed areas were analyzed. The activity of urease, acid phosphatase and invertase was significantly different in different vegetation. Urease activity was the highest in the control and the lowest in A. persica L.. Acid phosphatase activity was the highest in the control, and the lowest in Taxodiaceae Warming (0-20, 40-60 cm) and A. persica L. (20-40 cm), and the enzyme activity generally decreased with the deepening of soil layer, showing surface aggregation, but the changes of invertase activity in different vegetation and different soil layers were different. pH of soil in this area increased with the depth of soil layer, the highest was 5.67, all were acidic, and all showed some differences except the control. Under different treatments, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mucoromycota were the dominant phylum. Meyerozyma and Cladosporium were the dominant genus in all soil fungi populations. Mortierella was the dominant genus, only not in Salix babylonica. Penicillium and Ustilaginoidea were the dominant genera in Prunus L.. Tricharina was the dominant genus in Taxodiaceae Warming. Tetracladium was the dominant genus in the control. However, Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis showed that the community composition of soil fungi in different vegetation was quite different, and the species number and diversity of 0-20 cm soil in S. babylonica, 20-40 cm soil in Taxodiaceae Warming and 40-60 cm soil in the control were rich, while the species richness and diversity in A. persica L. were relatively low. The results of this study could provide some reference for the study of the soil ecological restoration in other coal mine reclamation areas.