高强度聚焦超声治疗子宫肌瘤的研究进展

子宫肌瘤可导致异常子宫出血、尿频或便秘、不孕等症状,影响患者的身心健康。高强度聚焦超声（high-intensity focused ultrasound,HIFU）是通过聚焦体外低能量超声波促使靶组织发生坏死的一项技术,可显著缩小子宫肌瘤的体积,进而改善患者的临床相关症状,已成为子宫肌瘤治疗的一种重要方法。HIFU治疗子宫肌瘤具有无创、可保留子宫结构完整性的优势,可安全地用于有生育要求的子宫肌瘤患者并能缩短其治疗后的避孕时间。但HIFU治疗子宫肌瘤后远期的再干预率较高,还可能增加早产和胎儿生长受限等妊娠并发症的发生率。HIFU治疗前对于子宫肉瘤等恶性疾病的排除问题也尚无完好的解决办法。对近年来HIFU治疗子宫肌瘤的相关研究进行综述,为临床上子宫肌瘤的治疗提供参考。

Research Progress of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound in the Treatment of Uterine Fibroids

Uterine fibroids can lead to abnormal uterine bleeding, frequent urination or constipation, infertility and other symptoms, affecting the physical and mental health of patients. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a technology that promotes the necrosis of target tissue by focusing low-energy ultrasound in vitro, which can significantly reduce the volume of uterine fibroids and improve the clinical symptoms of patients. It has become an important method for the treatment of uterine fibroids. As a kind of treatment of uterine fibroids, HIFU has the advantage of non-invasive and retaining the structural integrity of the uterus, which can be safely used in patients with uterine fibroids with fertility requirements and shorten the time of contraception after treatment. However, the long-term reintervention rate after HIFU treatment of uterine fibroids is high, and HIFU may increase the incidence of some pregnancy complications such as preterm birth and fetal growth restriction. There is no complete solution to the exclusion of malignant diseases such as uterine sarcoma before HIFU treatment. In this review, we summarize the research progress of HIFU treatment of uterine fibroids in recent years, so as to provide reference for clinical treatment of uterine fibroids.