充血性心力衰竭中医证素特点研究

目的：探讨充血性心力衰竭的中医证候要素分布特点,为今后的相关证候标准确立与临床研究提供依据。方法：对符合要求的充血性心力衰竭的现代文献进行整理分析,提取各复合证型的证候要素,以虚证、实证、虚实夹杂证为纲,按照单因素、两因素、三因素、四因素将复合证型拆分为单独的证候要素,统计各证素的出现频次。结果：本病病位类证素为心、肾、肺、脾;病性类证素按频次由多到少依次为：气虚、血瘀、阳虚、阴虚、阳脱、水停、痰、饮、阴竭、热、血虚。虚证单因素以心气虚证最多见;虚证双因素多见气阴两虚证;实证单因素多见心血瘀阻证;实证双因素多见血瘀兼水停证;虚实夹杂证双因素多见气虚血瘀证;虚实夹杂证三因素以气虚血瘀兼水停证为多;虚实夹杂证四因素则多见心脾阳虚兼血瘀水停证。结论：从本病的证候要素入手,可以较全面地分析证候内部及证候之间的组合特点,为临床研究提供依据,推动相关证型的标准化、规范化进程。

Characteristic Research on TCM Syndrome Factors of Congestive Heart Failure

Objective：To discuss the characteristics of TCM syndrome factors and distribution discipline of congestive heart failure, and provide basis for the establishment of diagnosis criteria on essential syndromes. Methods ： Satisfactory modern documents on congestive heart failure were reorganized and analyzed, and syndrome factors of compound syn- dromes were extracted. All the syndromes were classified to deficiency syndrome, excess syndrome, and deficiency compli- cated with excess syndrome. Compound syndromes were detached to separate syndrome factor in terms of single factor, two factors, three factors and four factors, and then each frequency of occurrence was counted. Results：Syndrome factors on disease location of CHF were heart, kidney, lungandspleen. Factors on natures of this disease sorted from more to less was qi deficiency, blood stasis, yang deficiency, yin deficiency, yang exhaustion, water retention, phlegm, retained fluid, yin ex- haustion, heat, and blood deficiency. Heart - qi deficiency was most common in single factor of deficiency syndrome, qi - yin deficiency syndrome in two factors of deficiency syndrome, heart - blood stasis syndromein single factor of excess syn- drome, blood stasis and water retention in two factors of excess syndrome, qi - deficiency - blood - stasis in two factors of deficiency complicated with excess syndromes, qi - deficiency - blood - stasis mixed with water retention in three factors, and yang deficiency of the heart and spleen mixed with blood stasis and water retention in four factors. Conclusion ： Started with study of syndrome factors,interior and combination characteristics of CHF syndromes may get comprehensive analysis, which plays a promotional role in process of standardization and normalization of TCM syndromes.