Properties of sintered zinc hydroxyapatite bioceramic prepared using waste chicken eggshells as calcium precursor |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Malaysia;2. Center of Advanced Manufacturing and Material Processing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;3. Mechanical Engineering Programme Area, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Tungku Highway, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam;4. Huanghe Jiaotong University, Zhengzhou, 454950, Henan Province, PR China;5. Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;6. Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;1. Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India;2. Department of Physics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India;3. Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur, 603 203, Kancheepuram (DT), Tamil Nadu, India;1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China;2. School of Material Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China;1. School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, PR China;2. Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China;3. Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China |
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| Abstract: | In the recent years, research on the development of hydroxyapatite (HA) using calcium from natural resources such as limestone, mammalian bones, marine shells and avian eggshells have been extensively studied. However, many studies focused on the properties of prestine HA without incorporation of dopants for strengthening effect. In this work, HA bioceramic was prepared using waste chicken eggshells calcium with addition of various concentrations of zinc dopant (1, 3 and 5 mol% Zn). In this work, the zinc-doped HA (ZnHA) was synthesized using a wet-chemical precipitation technique followed by oven drying and unixial pressing to formed green compacts. Pressureless sintering was carried out at 1200, 1250 and 1300 °C. The results showed that 5 mol% ZnHA (5ZnHA) exhibited the overall best properties after sintering at 1250 °C. The improvement in the fracture toughness was attributed to the formation of β-TCP phase when zinc ion was incorporated into HA, combined with enhanced densification. It was observed that the HA grains were coarser and more densely when sintered at 1250 °C, indicating that there was strong interaction between pores and grain boundaries. However, fracture toughness slightly declined after sintering at 1300 °C due to rapid and abnormal HA grain growth. |
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| Keywords: | Egghells Hydroxyapatite Mechanical properties Sintering Zinc dopant |
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