1985年以来中国大陆沿海集装箱港口体系位序-规模分布及其网络联系

21世纪以来,中国大陆众多沿海城市纷纷转型为港口城市,港口区域化态势明显,港口发展呈现新的竞合关系。运用位序-规模法则与复杂网络模型,从规模结构、航运网络两方面刻画1985年以来中国大陆沿海集装箱港口体系的区域化特征。结果表明：① 港口体系日趋完善,位序-规模分布更加明显;发展演化呈低级均衡,明显集中化及相对分散化三个阶段,围绕世界级枢纽港形成区域集聚和群内扩散的空间格局。② 港口航运网络小世界特征得到强化,不同类型港口航线网络特性变化差异明显。枢纽港以广度上升深度下降、中转功能上升为主;大型港口变化较为复杂,超过一半的大型港口腹地引致特征明显,中转功能较弱;地方港呈现两极分化态势,大部分港口在航线网络深度、广度与辐射能力等多方面得到提升,少部分港口则明显萎缩。③ 以班轮航线为载体的物流网络推动港口区域化内在联系更加紧密,轴-辐特征得到强化,整个网络效率大为提升。从社会网络分析软件（UCINET）呈现的最强联系航线看,沿海集装箱航运网络已由局部网络转变为统一的双层轴-辐网络,全国性的港口网络联系水平大幅提升,区域航运网络与港口群存在空间错位而非一一对应。

Rank-size distribution changes and transportation network connections of the coastal container port system in Chinese mainland since 1985

Since the beginning of the 21st century, many coastal cities of Chinese mainland have been transformed into port cities, with obvious regional characteristics of ports and new competitive and cooperative relations in port development. This paper describes the regionalization characteristics of China's coastal container port system since 1985 from the aspects of scale structure and shipping network by using the rank-size rule and complex network model. The results show that: (1) The port system is becoming perfect and the scale structure is in a good order. The evolution of port system can be divided into three stages: low-level equilibrium, obvious centralization and relative decentralization. Container transport is forming regional agglomeration and intra-group diffusion around world-class hub ports. (2) The small-world characteristics of the port shipping network have been strengthened, and the network characteristics of different types of port routes have changed significantly. The hub port has declined in depth and the transfer function has been rising;The changes of large-scale ports are relatively complicated, more than half of the large-scale ports in the hinterland have obvious characteristics and weak transit function. Local ports are polarized, and most of the ports are diversified in the depth, breadth and radiation capacity of the route network. and a few of ports have shrunk in many ways. (3) The inherent characteristics of port regionalization are more evident in the logistics network with liner routes as the carrier. The hub-spoke characteristics of the network are strengthened, and the transport efficiency of the whole port network is greatly improved. From the perspective of the strongest connection of shipping network based on UCINET, the coastal container port network transformed from a structure of local networks coexisting with several ports pairs to a double-layer hub-spoke structure, which has upgrade the development of port linkage. Regional shipping network and port group have space dislocation rather than one-to-one correspondence.