黄河三角洲湿地生物多样性保护工程植被修复效果评估

开展修复效果的跟踪监测和评估是湿地生态修复的重要环节。跟踪监测可以观察湿地恢复状态和过程，找出修复过程潜在问题以便及时调整修复手段和技术的运用，从而提高修复效率，亦可为评价湿地修复效果提供数据支持。通过野外生态监测、遥感反演等手段，对黄河三角洲湿地生物多样性保护工程的植被修复效果进行评估。结果表明：南、北岸修复区土壤含水率分别提升45.86%和25.17%,土壤盐度分别下降70.51%和64.71%;南、北岸修复区的植被盖度分别提升5%和54%;NDVI指数分别提升48.4%和44.1%,修复区植被种类趋于多样，植被群落结构得到改善。不同生态修复措施对植被恢复均有效，效果差异不显著。修复区植被以芦苇为优势种，优势度为0.748,其他植被的优势度较低，植被总体盖度、芦苇密度和株高与未修复区相比差异不大。总体来说，北岸修复区植被尚未恢复至较高水平，南岸修复区植被恢复效果良好。建议在生态修复工程实施时应减轻对原生物种的破坏，实施后应关注植被恢复的滞后性，加强湿地管理以及外来物种入侵防治。该成果将为我国滨海湿地生态修复提供数据和技术参考。

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF VEGETATION RESTORATION IN THE YELLOW RIVER DELTA WETLAND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION PROJECT

Follow-up monitoring and evaluation of restoration effects are important aspects of wetland ecological restoration. Follow-up monitoring can observe the state and process of wetland restoration, identify potential problems in the restoration process and adjust the application of restoration techniques in time to improve the restoration efficiency, and also provide data for evaluating the restoration effects of wetlands. In this study, the effect of vegetation restoration in the Yellow River Delta wetland biodiversity conservation project was evaluated through field ecological monitoring and remote sensing inversion. The results showed that the soil moisture content in the south and north restoration areas was increased by 45.86% and 25.17% respectively, and the soil salinity decreased by 70.51% and 64.71% respectively; the vegetation coverage in the south and north restoration areas was increased by 5% and 54% respectively; NDVI was increased by 48.4% and 44.1% respectively. The vegetation species in the restoration area tended to be diversified and the vegetation community structure was improved. Different restoration methods were effective for vegetation restoration, but the differences in effects were not significant. Reed was the dominant species of vegetation in the restoration area, with a dominance of 0.748, while the dominance of other vegetation was low. The overall vegetation cover, reed density and plant height in the restored area were not significantly different from those of the unrestored area. As a whole, the vegetations situation in the north restored area had not yet recovered to a high level, while vegetation in the south restored area had been recovered well. The damage to native species should be mitigated when the ecological restoration project is implemented, the lag of vegetation recovery should be paid attention to after the implementation, and the wetland management as well as the invasion prevention of alien species should be strengthened. This study can provide data and technical references for the ecological restoration of coastal wetlands in China.