Genetic transformation of wheat: progress during the 1990s into the Millennium |
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Authors: | Heidi M Ingram Nancy L Livesey J Brian Power Michael R Davey |
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Affiliation: | (1) Plant Science Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD Nottingham, UK |
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Abstract: | Wheat transformation technology has progressed rapidly during the past decade. Initially, procedures developed for protoplast
isolation and culture, electroporation- and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced DNA transfer enabled foreign genes to be introduced
into wheat cells. The development of biolistic (microprojectile) bombardment procedures led to a more efficient approach for
direct gene transfer. More recently, Agrobacterium-mediated gene delivery procedures, initially developed for the transformation of rice, have also been used to generate transgenic
wheat plants. This review summarises the considerable progress in wheat transformation achieved during the last decade.
An increase in food production is essential in order to sustain the increasing world population. This could be achieved by
the development of higher yielding varieties with improved nutritional quality and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses.
Although conventional breeding will continue to play a major role in increasing crop yield, laboratory-based techniques, such
as genetic transformation to introduce novel genes into crop plants, will be essential in complementing existing breeding
technologies.
A decade ago, cereals were considered recalcitrant to transformation. Since then, a significant research effort has been focused
on cereals because of their agronomic status, leading to improved genetic transformation procedures (Bommineni and Jauhar
1997). Initially, the genetic transformation of cereals relied on the introduction of DNA into protoplasts and the subsequent
production of callus from which fertile plants were regenerated. More recently, major advances have been accomplished in the
regeneration of fertile plants from a range of source tissues, providing an essential foundation for the generation of transgenic
plants. This review summarises procedures, vectors and target tissues used for transformation, high-lights the limitations
of current approaches and discusses future trends. The citation of references is limited, where possible, to the most relevant
or recent reports. |
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Keywords: | Agrobacterium tumefaciens biolistics gene expression microprojectile bombardment transformation wheat (Triticum aestivum L ) |
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