基于GIS的黑龙江省拉林河流域土壤侵蚀空间特征分析

以黑龙江省拉林河流域为研究区，利用USLE计算土壤侵蚀模数，并建立了基于GIS的空间栅格数据库。采用地统计分析方法，进行研究区的土壤侵蚀模数空间特征分析。对比现行两种土壤侵蚀强度分级标准，分析确定适用的土壤侵蚀强度分级标准。采用空间和趋势分析方法，进行研究区的土壤侵蚀强度空间分布特征分析。结果表明:（1）研究区的土壤侵蚀模数分布具有强烈的空间相关性，自西向东、由北至南呈线型增大的分布趋势；（2）《黑土区水土流失综合防治技术标准标准》中规定的土壤侵蚀强度分级标准适用性更强；（3）研究区的土壤侵蚀面积占总面积的94%，强烈、轻度和中度水力侵蚀为主要的侵蚀强度类型；强烈水力侵蚀主要分布于西部的洪积台地，轻度水力侵蚀主要分布于东部的低山丘陵宽谷，中度水力侵蚀主要分布于中部的地貌过渡带，极强烈和剧烈水力侵蚀主要呈零散状分布于东部的低山丘陵沟壑，中部和西部也有零星分布；随植被覆盖度的降低，土壤侵蚀强度等级自东向西呈增大趋势。

Analysis of Spatial Characteristics of Soil Erosion in Lalin River Basin of Heilongjiang Province Based on GIS

Soil erosion modulus of Lalin river basin of Heilongjiang province was calculated by USLE and the spatial raster database based on GIS. The spatial characteristics of soil erosion modulus were analysed by geostatistical method. According to classification standard of soil erosion intensity, two current kinds were contrasted to determine which was more applicable. The spatial characteristics of soil erosion intensity were analysed by the space and trend analysis method. The results showed that:(1) distribution of soil erosion modulus in the study area had strong spatial correlation, from west to east, were from north to south which had a linear increase trend; (2) the classification standard of soil erosion intensity in the Techniques Standard for Comprehensive Control of Soil Erosion in the Black Soil Region was more applicable; (3) soil erosion area had accounted for 94% of the study area, strong, mild and moderate water erosion were the major types of erosion intensity. Strong water erosion mainly distributed in the western area which was the diluvial platform，mild water erosion mainly distributed in the eastern area which was the hills and wide valley，moderate water erosion mainly distributed in the central area which was transition zone of landforms，extremely strong and severe water erosion showed a scattered distribution in the hills and gully of eastern area, and had a sporadic distribution in the central and western region.With the decrease of vegetation coverage, classification of soil erosion intensity showed a trend of increase from east to west.