新世纪中国银行体制改革与地方银行机构 网点的空间分布 ——兼与全国性商业银行的比较

20世纪90年代以来，中国银行体制改革催生了以城市商业银行和农村商业银行为代表的地方银行，它们以中小企业和城乡居民为主要服务对象，弥补了全国性商业银行的市场空缺，在我国金融体系中发挥着日益重要的作用。对银行体制改革的分析发现，城市商业银行和农村商业银行从仅限于单一地区经营，到放开地域经营限制，允许跨区域设立分行后，两银行机构网点的数量呈现出快速增长趋势，其网点的地理分布在改革前后发生了较大变化。将两银行与全国性商业银行的网点分布进行对比发现，其总行布局与地方经济发展刺激下的金融需求有着更为密切的联系；两银行跨区域设立异地分行的区位选择具有较大差别：城市商业银行优先选择发达地区，而后采取全国性战略布局和区域性梯度式布局两种模式扩张；农村商业银行则优先考虑欠发达地区，然后主要以区域内跳跃式扩张。

Banking Reform and Location Strategy of Local Banks in the New Century--in Comparison with National Banks

Since the 1990s, the banking reform in China has expedited the delivery and development of local banks, mainly the city commercial banks and the rural commercial banks. They serve primarily the enterprises of small and medium size and residents of urban and rural area to make up the market vacancies of large national banks. According to the analysis on banking system reform, the number of the outlets of the city commercial banks and the rural commercial banks has increased significantly as the governments released the restriction on single geographical business scope and allowed them setting up cross-regional branches. The geographical distribution of the city and rural commercial banks has also been changed greatly after the reform. In comparison with national banks, we found that local banks’ head offices have closer links to cities with strong financial needs by better economic development, while the remote branches show some differences in location choice: city commercial banks prefer developed areas and take a nationwide strategic layout and regional gradients layout to expand; On the contrary, rural commercial banks give priority to developing regions and mainly expand in a jumping mode in its economic region.