自由曲面成像光学系统的初始结构设计方法

自由曲面设计自由度多、面型表征能力强等优势使成像光学系统突破了传统面型表征和系统结构的限制，在进一步提高成像质量的同时可以实现大视场、大孔径、小型化、轻量化等设计目标。良好的初始结构可以充分发挥自由曲面对像差的校正能力，提高系统设计效率。与共轴光学系统相比，自由曲面成像光学系统设计存在可参考样例少、像差理论尚不完善等问题，其初始结构的构造与求解仍然是先进光学设计领域的前沿热点问题之一。结合课题组多年的研究心得，探讨了现有的自由曲面成像光学系统初始结构设计方法，依据自由曲面构造原理将其分为同轴系统离轴化法、直接设计法、视场孔径扩展法和分段拼接融合设计方法，并分别介绍其设计原理和思路。最后对自由曲面成像光学系统初始结构设计中亟待解决的问题进行了分析总结。

Review of design methodology for starting-point of freeform surface imaging optical system

Freeform surface provides more degrees of freedom for optical system and stronger capability of aberration correction to break the limitation of traditional surface characterization and system structure, which helps engineer to achieve large field of view, large aperture, miniaturization, and lightweight optical system design while improving the imaging quality. A favorable starting-point of freeform surface imaging optical system design can release the potential of freeform surface to correct aberration and improve the efficiency of system design. Comparing to coaxial optical systems, few examples can be referred to for freeform surface imaging optical system and theory for freeform is not perfect yet. Therefore, how to construct and solve a favorable starting-point of freeform surface imaging optical system is one of the frontier issues in the field of optical design. Based on the research experience of author team for many years, this review summarizes the current design methods of freeform surface imaging optical system design, and divides them into disturbing coaxial system method, directly solving method, and expending field or aperture method and stitching and fusion method, according to the construction principle of freeform surface. Finally, the problems to be solved in the design starting-point for freeform surface imaging optical system are analyzed and summarized.