加速康复外科在肝癌肝切除术中的临床应用研究

目的 研究加速康复外科(ERAS)在肝癌肝切除术中的临床应用效果及价值.方法 回顾性研究哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院普外科2013年6月-2015年6月肝癌行肝切除术患者172例,其中ERAS组92例,对照组80例,比较分析两组患者术后肝功能指标(ALT、AST、TBIL)、营养免疫指标(ALB、PA、淋巴细胞计数)、术后并发症、术后康复及卫生经济学等相关指标.结果 肝功能指标:ERAS组患者术后1、7天ALT、AST及TBIL水平分别为(216.3 ±141.7) U/L、(70.1 ±29.4) U/L;(184.0± 155.8) U/L、(39.1±17.5) U/L;(22.4±8.7) μmol/L、(20.0±7.5) μmol/L,对照组分别为(304.5±226.2) U/L、(83.9±48.5) U/L;(294.1±273.0) U/L、(49.2±33.8) U/L;(26.9±15.6) μmol/L、(24.6±10.8) μmol/L,两组比较差异有统计学意义(F=9.33,9.84,9.26,P＜0.05).营养免疫指标:ERAS组患者术后第7天ALB、PA水平分别为(35.3 ±4.4)g/L、(136.3±34.1)mg/L,对照组为(33.6±4.2) g/L、(108.0±32.5) mg/L,两组比较差异有统计学意义(F=4.97,4.54,P＜0.05);ERAS组患者术后1、7天淋巴细胞计数为(0.9±0.3)×109/L、(1.5±0.5)×109/L,对照组为(0.7±0.3)×109/L、(1.3±0.5)×109/L,两组比较差异有统计学意义(F=7.37,P ＜0.05).手术并发症:ERAS组患者术后出血0例,胆漏2例,肝功能障碍2例,感染3例;对照组术后出血3例,胆漏1例,肝功能障碍2例,感染3例,两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);腹水ERAS组11例,对照组23例,差异有统计学意义(x2=7.609,P＜0.05).术后康复及卫生经济学指标:ERAS组离床活动时间、排气时间、术后住院时间及住院总费用分别为(1.7±0.5)d、(2.3±0.6)d、(9.8±2.3)d、(4.6±0.9)万元,对照组分别为(3.0±0.7)d、(3.4±0.8)d、(17.6±5.8)d、(6.3±2.1)万元,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(t=13.032,10.937,11.371,7.118,P＜O.05).结论 ERAS应用于肝癌肝切除术围手术期管理是安全有效的,它不仅有效地减少了患者应激反应,促进术后肝功能的恢复,改善术后营养免疫状态,而且缩短了术后住院时间,降低了住院总费用,具有显著的卫生经济学效应和社会效应.

Clinical application of enhance recovery after surgery in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma underwent liver resection

Objective To investigate the effects and value of enhance recovery after surgery (ERAS) application in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma underwent liver resection.Methods One hundred and seventy-two patients with hepatocellular carcinoma underwent liver resection in the first affiliated hospital of Harbin medical university from June 2013 to June 2015,ERAS group (92 cases) and control group (80 cases) were retrospectively studied.Laboratory indicators (ALT,AST,TBIL,ALB,PA,lymphocyte count),postoperative complications,postoperative hospitalization days and total hospitalization expenses were compared between two groups.Results For postoperative liver functional indicators (ALT,AST,TBIL),ERAS group Day 1 and Day 7 were respectively (216.3±141.7) U/Land (70.1 ±29.4) U/L,(184.0±155.8) U/Land (39.1 ±17.5) U/L,(22.4± 8.7) μmol/L and (20.0 ± 7.5) μmol/L,control group were respectively (304.5 ± 226.2) U/L and (83.9 ± 48.5) U/L,(294.1 273.0) U/L and (49.2 ±33.8) U/L,(26.9 ±15.6) μmol/L and (24.6 ± 10.8) μmol/L,the difference between two groups was statistically significant (F =9.33,9.84,9.26,P ＜ 0.05).For postoperative nutritional indicators (ALB,PA),ERAS group Day 7 were respectively (35.3 ± 4.4) g/Land (136.3 ±34.1) mg/L,control group were respectively (33.6 ±4.2) g/L and (108.0 ± 32.5) mg/L,the difference was statistically significant (F =4.97,4.54,P ＜ 0.05).For postoperative immune indicators (lymphocyte count),ERAS group Day 1 and Day 7 were respectively (0.9 ±0.3) × 109/L and (1.5 ± O.5) × 109/L,control group were respectively (0.7 ± 0.3) × 109/L and (1.3 ± 0.5) × 109/L,the difference was statistically significant (F =7.37,P ＜ 0.05).For postoperative complications (hemorrhage,bile fistula,hepatic dysfunction,infection) were no statistically significant differences (P ＞ 0.05),however,ascites had statistically significant difference (x2 =7.609,P ＜ 0.05).Off bed time,postoperative exhaust time,postoperative hospitalization time and total hospitalization expense of ERAS group were respectively (1.7 ± 0.5) days,(2.3 ± 0.6) days,(9.8 ± 2.3) days,(4.6 ± O.9) × 104 RMB,control group were respectively (3.0 ± 0.7) days,(3.4 ± 0.8) days,(17.6 ± 5.8) days,(6.3 ± 2.1) × 104 RMB,the difference was statistically significant (t =13.032,10.937,11.371,7.118,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Application of ERAS in patients with HCC underwent liver resection is safe and effective.ERAS effectively reduce stress reaction of patients,promote the recovery of liver function,improve the postoperative immune and nutrition status,shorter postoperative hospitalization time,and reduce the total cost of hospitalization.