Down- and up-conversion processes in Nd3+/Yb3+ co-doped sodium calcium silicate glasses with concomitant Yb2+ assessment |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Departament of Science, State University of Maringá, Av. Reitor Zeferino Vaz s/n, Goioerê 87360-000, PR, Brazil;2. Departament of Physics, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil;3. Departament of Physics, State University of Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil;1. Center for Computational Materials Science, Department of Physics, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan;2. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia;3. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt;4. Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan;1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China;2. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China;1. Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi''an 710062, China;2. School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Xueqian Normal University, Xi''an 710100, China;1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;2. Key Laboratory of Transparent Opto-functional Inorganic Materials, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201899, China;3. Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China;1. Department of Physics, Sefako Makgatho Health Science University, P. O. Box 94, Medunsa, 0204, South Africa;2. Department of Mathematics, Non Destructive Testing and Physics, Vaal University of Technology, Andries Potgieter Blvd, Vanderbijlpark, 1900, South Africa;3. Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa;4. Department of Chemistry, School of Science in the College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Preller Street, Muckleneuk Ridge, City of Tshwane, P. O Box 392, UNISA 0003, South Africa;5. Department of Chemistry, Sefako Makgatho Health Science University, P. O. Box 94, Medunsa, 0204, South Africa;6. Department of Physics, University of the Free State (Qwaqwa Campus), Private Bag X13, Phuthaditjhaba 9866, South Africa;7. Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa;1. Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350002, China;4. Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China;5. CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China;6. Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China;7. Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341001, China |
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| Abstract: | Novel Nd3+/Yb3+ co-doped sodium calcium silicate glasses were prepared by melting quenching method. Spectroscopic study was carried out as a function of doping content by fixing sensitizer (Nd3+) concentration to 0.2 mol% and adjusting activator (Yb3+) from 0 to 1.0 mol%. The energy transfer (ET) mechanisms between Nd3+ and Yb3+ are discussed based on their energy levels and excitation power-dependence emission intensity. Results show that the presence of Yb2+ might be considered for the Nd3+-free and co-doped samples. The ET was confirmed by the down-conversion NIR emission spectra of the doped and co-doped samples under excitation at 808 nm. The mechanisms observed seem to involve only one VIS absorbed photon for each NIR emitted via direct energy transfer between 4F3/2 of Nd2+ and 2F5/2 of Yb3+ compensated by phonon assistance due to energy gap between these levels. The efficiency of ET increases with the ytterbium content up to almost 90% for the sample with 1 mol% of Yb2O3, which was evaluated by lifetime measurements. Up-conversion photoluminescence by exciting trivalent ions of neodymium (808 nm) and ytterbium (975 nm) is reported. The observed up-converted emission bands are related to the 4f-4f transitions of Nd3+ and the spin-forbidden 5d-4f transition of Yb2+. Nd3+ up-conversion emission is observed under 975 nm excitation, presenting an almost quadratic emission dependence with power excitation, which suggests that two laser photons participate in the up-conversion (UC) process, showing that ET occurs by a phonon-assisted energy transfer and cooperative energy transfer. |
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| Keywords: | Solar cells Energy transfer Glassy systems Rare earths |
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