基于混合LCA的新疆地区电力生产水足迹分析及碳中和目标下的变化

新疆是我国电力生产的主要地区,同时存在严重的水资源短缺问题。作为综合评价指标,水足迹可以用来量化分析电力生产中的水资源消耗及其水环境影响。文中基于投入产出和生命周期的混合生命周期模型对新疆地区2012年和2017年电力生产水足迹进行了量化研究,并对不同发电技术的水足迹贡献部门进行了分析。结果发现：因电力生产结构的变化和燃煤发电技术革新,新疆电力生产的单位水足迹由2012年的4.26×10^-3 m³/(kW?h)下降到2017年的3.08×10^-3 m³/(kW?h)。对不同发电技术的水足迹贡献部门分析发现,煤电和水电的间接水足迹分别主要来自采矿业和重工业,占比分别为60.3%和52.8%。风电和光伏发电的间接水足迹分别主要来自重工业和轻工业,占比分别为38.1%和56.0%。最后针对碳中和目标下新疆电力结构转型带来的水足迹变化进行分析,2017—2050年高比例的可再生能源发电将使新疆电力生产单位水足迹下降75%。

Water footprint analysis of electricity production in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region based on a hybrid LCA model and its changes under carbon neutralization target

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, as a major region for power production in China, also has a severe scarcity of water resources. Water footprint is a widely used comprehensive indicator that quantifies one area’s water consumption in the electricity production and its impact on the water environment. This paper used a combined model based on input-output and life cycle analysis to quantitatively analyze Xinjiang’s water footprint of power production in 2012 and 2017, and also investigated the water footprint contribution departments of various power generation technologies. The findings revealed that the water footprint per unit of electricity generation in Xinjiang decreased from 4.26×10^-3 m³/(kW?h) to 3.08×10^-3 m³/(kW?h) from 2012 to 2017 due to the change of electricity production structure and technological innovation of thermal power generation. We also discovered that the indirect water footprints of coal power and hydropower were primarily from mining and heavy industry, accounting for 60.3% and 52.8%, respectively, after analyzing the water footprint contribution departments of different power generation technologies. When it came to wind power and photovoltaic power generation technology, heavy industry and light industry accounted for 38.1% and 56.0% of the indirect water footprints, respectively. Furthermore, the high proportion of renewable energy generation from 2017 to 2050 will reduce the unit water footprint of Xinjiang’s power production by 75%, according to the analysis of the changes in the water footprint influenced by the transformation of Xinjiang’s power structure under China’s carbon neutrality target.