长三角区域大气污染协同治理的时空演化特征及其影响因素

在长三角更高质量一体化发展的战略背景下,构建区域间环境协同治理体系,是提升区域大气污染治理成效的可行性选择。本文从环境规制的政策文件、实施过程、治理效果3个维度,构建大气污染规制耦合度评价体系,探究长三角区域41个城市2003—2019年大气污染规制耦合度的时空演化特征。以此为基础,对长三角区域各城市划分区域协同治理小组,并分别测算其大气污染治理协同水平,进而探究长三角区域大气污染协同治理的影响因素。结果显示：① 各城市的大气污染规制耦合度整体上表现为连片集聚发展特征,呈现出上海市最高、浙江省和江苏省次之、安徽省再次之的格局,且区域差异性不断缩小;② 长三角区域整体大气污染治理协同度较低,但在波动中呈缓慢上升趋势,划分区域治理组后各小组大气污染治理协同度保持在较高水平;③ 影响因素分析结果表明,地区间对外开放差异、公共交通差异和绿化建设差异对长三角区域大气污染协同治理有着显著的抑制作用,而经济增长差异和技术创新差异具有显著的积极影响。

The spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of collaborative governance of air pollution in the Yangtze River Delta region

In the strategic background of high quality integration in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), it is a feasible choice to build an inter-regional environmental collaborative governance system to improve the effectiveness of air pollution control in the region. This paper constructed an evaluation system of coupling degree of air pollution regulation from three dimensions: policy documents, implementation process and governance effect of environmental regulation, and then explored the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of coupling degree of air pollution regulation in 41 cities in the YRD from 2003 to 2019. On this basis, the cities in the YRD are divided into regional collaborative governance groups, and the synergy degree of air pollution control is measured respectively, thus the influencing factors of collaborative governance of air pollution in the YRD are explored. The results show that: (1) The coupling degree of air pollution regulation in all the cities shows the characteristics of agglomeration development, with Shanghai being the highest, followed by Zhejiang province and Jiangsu province, and Anhui province being the lowest, while the regional differences are narrowing. (2) The synergy degree of air pollution control in the YRD as a whole was low and showed a slow rising trend in the fluctuation, but the synergy degree of air pollution control remained at a high level after the division of regional collaborative governance groups. (3) The results of influencing factors analysis show that the differences in opening up, public transportation and greening construction between regions have significantly inhibitive effect on the collaborative governance of air pollution in the YRD, while the differences in economic growth and technological innovation have significantly positive effect.