青海高原喜马拉雅旱獭血清中特异性鼠疫噬菌体抗体的检测

目的 利用微量法间接检测青海高原喜马拉雅旱獭血清中特异性鼠疫噬菌体抗体,为后续噬菌体和哺乳动物免疫学之间的相互作用、噬菌体治疗、噬菌体与生态学研究提供理论依据。方法 以青藏高原鼠疫疫源地分离的3株野生型鼠疫噬菌体和实验室诊断用鼠疫噬菌体为抗原,利用微量板法和双层琼脂平板法定性检测青海高原同德县、贵南县、共和县、兴海县、天峻县5个疫源县采集于2020年、2021年7—9月份喜马拉雅旱獭血清中的特异性鼠疫噬菌体免疫抗体。结果 4株鼠疫噬菌体分别与847份喜马拉雅旱獭血清进行中和试验,通过点滴法均未检测到与鼠疫噬菌体抗原反应的特异性噬菌体免疫抗体。结论 青海高原喜马拉雅旱獭血清中未发现特异性鼠疫噬菌体抗体,这与2020—2021年青海省天峻县、同德县、共和县、兴海县、贵南县5个鼠疫疫源县采样地点的鼠疫流行病学显示为静息期无鼠疫病原体存在的流行特点一致,即无鼠疫病原体的存在,间接说明这些鼠疫疫源地鼠疫噬菌体不存在或者比较微弱的存在,故检测不到特异性鼠疫噬菌体免疫抗体。可能反映了宿主动物与鼠疫噬菌体自然接触频率少,抗噬菌体抗体可能与鼠疫感染的形式和疾病的强度有关。

Detection on antiserum of Yersinia pestis phage in Marmota himalayana blood in the natural plague foci of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Objective To detect and analyze the antiserum of Yersinia pestis phage in Marmota himalayana blood from the natural plague foci of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by micro-bolus technique, to provide a theoretical basis for interaction between phages and mammalian immunology, phage therapy and interaction between bacteriophage and ecology in future. Methods Using diagnostic Yersinia pestis phage and 3 wild plague phages from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Natural Plague Foci as antigens, 847 serums of Marmota Himalayana blood, from Tongde, Guinan, Gonghe, Xinghai, Tianjun foci counties in Qinghai Plateau, were collected from July to September in 2020, 2021 and determined on antiserum of Yersinia pestis phage by microplate method and double agar plate method. Results The neutralization reaction experiment lasted for 24 hours between 4 phage and 847 serums by microplate method independently. These mixtures were tested by double agar plate method. All results were negative on antiserum of Yersinia pestis bacteriophage. Conclusions The positive antiserum of Yersinia pestis phage in Marmota himalayana were not found the natural plague foci of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which agreed with plague epidemiology in 5 foci counties in Qinghai plateau from 2020-2021, that was a characteristic of the resting period. In other words, it was in the absence of plague pathogen. It also showed indirectly that the absence or weak presence of Yersinia pestis bacteriophage in the plague foci. It showed a lower frequency on host animals coming into contact with phages naturally. The antiserum of Yersinia pestis phage may be related to the form of plague infection and the intensity of the disease.