Spray mass balance in pesticide application: A review |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1. Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Agricultural Engineering, Burg, Van Gansberghelaan 115, Bus 1, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;2. Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department Biosystems, MeBioS, De Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;3. Research Station for Fruit Growing (pcfruit vzw), Ecology Department, Fruittuinweg 1, 3800 Sint-Truiden, Belgium;1. Biosystems Engineering Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7144165186, Iran;2. Lincoln Agritech Ltd., Lincoln University, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand;1. College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qing Hua Dong Lu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, PR China;2. Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya;1. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Department of Agro Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Esteve Terradas, 8, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain;2. Università di Torino, DISAFA, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;3. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Chemical Engineering Department, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;1. Unité Mixte de Recherche Information & Technologies for AgroProcess, IRSTEA, 361 rue Jean-François Breton, BP 9505, F-34196 Montpellier Cedex, France;2. Montpellier SupAgro, 2 place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France;1. Departmento de Ingeniería Rural, Área de Ingeniería Agroforestal, Universidad de Córdoba, Ctra. Nacional IV, Km 396, Campus de Rabanales, Córdoba 14014, Spain;2. Departmento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos, Universidad de Sevilla, Ctra. de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla 41013, Spain |
| |
| Abstract: | When pesticides are applied to arable and orchard crops, the pesticide will be deposited in the field on either the crop or the ground, or the pesticide can be transported outside the treated area as spray drift. Spray drift is divided into two fractions, sedimenting spray drift and airborne spray drift. Deposits on the crop and the ground as well as sedimenting spray drift are measured using documented and validated methods. Airborne drift is more difficult to quantify, and the methods need to be improved. A review of studies reporting crop and soil deposits in the treated area was used to calculate spray mass balances. Taking into account standard values of sedimenting spray drift for the application method applied, the airborne spray drift fraction was calculated as the difference between the applied dose and the sum of the recovered doses on crop and soil and sedimenting spray drift. This resulted in high values for airborne spray drift with the lowest values recorded in studies on application in field crops using boom sprayers and in vineyards using tunnel sprayers. In studies using traditional orchard sprayers in vineyards and tree fruit, large fractions of the spray were not found in the recovery analysis. |
| |
| Keywords: | Spray mass balance Boom sprayer Orchard sprayer Unaccounted spray fraction |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
