拖拉机双向耦合电驱动系统设计与性能分析

针对双电机驱动电动拖拉机的多工况作业需求，提出了一种电动拖拉机双向耦合装置结构基本方案。在对行星齿轮机构传动理论研究的基础上，对提出的方案进行拓扑设计，推导各个方案的转速转矩关系式，通过分析其传动特性，优选出最终方案。对优选出的方案进行动力匹配、参数计算及参数化建模，得到双向耦合装置的三维模型。基于ADAMS搭建耦合装置的虚拟样机模型，对其进行运动学仿真分析，并试制样机进行装机试验。基于ANSYS Workbench建立耦合装置的有限元模型，通过模态分析，求得其前10阶振型以及相应的振型图。仿真和试验结果表明：设计的电动拖拉机双向耦合装置可实现功率的双向耦合流动，且响应速度快、动力传递平稳、无较大冲击；双向耦合装置的1阶固有频率为1 905.5 Hz,高于电动机激振频率带1 020～1 380 Hz,可避免产生共振，满足电动拖拉机多工况作业需求。

Design and Performance Analysis of Tractor Bidirectional Coupling Electric Drive System

Aiming at the operation requirements of electric tractors under various working conditions, a structural scheme of bidirectional coupling device suitable for dual-motor electric tractors was proposed. On the basis of studying the transmission theory of planetary gear mechanism, the proposed scheme was topologically designed, and the optimal transmission scheme was selected by analyzing its transmission characteristics. Power matching and parameter calculation on the selected scheme were performed to obtain specific characteristic parameters. SolidWorks was used for parametric modeling to obtain a three-dimensional model of the bidirectional coupling device. A virtual prototype model of the coupling device was established based on ADAMS, and kinematics simulation analysis was performed on it. The prototype of the bidirectional coupling device was trial produced and the installation test was carried out. Based on ANSYS Workbench, a finite element model of the bidirectional coupling device was established. Through modal analysis, the first ten natural frequencies and corresponding modal diagrams of the bidirectional coupling device were obtained, and the maximum excitation frequency that can be generated by the dual motors was deduced. The analysis result showed that the designed bidirectional coupling device of electric tractor can realize the bidirectional coupling flow of power, with fast response speed, stable power transmission and small impact. The first-order natural frequency of the bidirectional coupling device was 1905.5Hz, which was higher than the excitation frequency band of 1020~1380Hz of the motor, and it can avoid resonance and meet the operating requirements of the electric tractor under multiple working conditions.