某大型水面舰艇远航期间疾病谱调查分析

目的:探讨大型水面舰艇远航期间官兵疾病发生特点和规律,提出针对性预防措施,为未来更好地执行远航卫勤保障任务奠定基础。方法:回顾性分析某舰艇医疗组在远航期间门诊、急诊及巡诊期间的伤病记录资料,根据记录信息将疾病按不同专科进行分类,分析远航官兵疾病分布特点和规律。结果:远航81 d,549人参与远航任务,共673例次伤病诊断结果纳入研究。其中呼吸系统、创伤\运动损伤、消化系统疾病位于系统发病的前3位,占发病总例次的70.58%;上呼吸道感染、手外伤和口腔溃疡分别占21.86%、5.65%和5.28%;需要手术及深度医疗的疾病发生率较高(24.59%),且以外伤和感染性疾病为主,集中于运动系统和消化系统。结论:远航期间官兵的疾病谱可能与舰艇生活环境、个人体质、远航生活经验以及性别相关;疾病防控应注意卫生宣教和环境消毒,尤其注意感染性疾病的预防,必要时建立个人卫生档案和疾病预警制度;同时,卫勤保障人员和卫勤物资的配备应与远航疾病谱的发生特点和分布规律相适应。

Analysis of the disease spectrum of a certain large surface ship during a long oceangoing mission

Objective To study the features and regularity of the diseases occurred among the officers and sailors of a certain large surface ship during a long oceangoing mission,and to provide some targeted preventive measures for improving the medical support in long oceangoing mission in future.Methods A retrospective survey was conducted on the medical records of outpatient,emergence,and onboard medical inspection by classifying all the cases into different medical disciplines,to analyze the features of disease distribution and regularity among the crew members during a long oceangoing mission.Results There were 673 case/times were included into this analysis from the 81-day-long 549-people-participation oceangoing mission.The top 3 disorders involved in the respiratory system,the motor system(trauma),and the digestive system,accounting for 70.58%of the total cases.Among them,the upper respiratory tract infection,hand injury,and oral ulcer accounted for 21.86%,5.65%,and 5.28%of the disease spectrum respectively.The incidence of diseases requiring surgery and further medical care was relatively higher(24.59%),especially trauma and infectious diseases as the prevalent disorders,concentrating on the motor system and digestive system.Conclusion The disease spectrum during the long oceangoing was related with the onboard living environment,individual body constitution,individual history of long oceangoing deployment,and gender difference.With regard to disease control,the efforts should be devoted to health education and disinfection of onboard environment,especially preventing infectious diseases.Personal health records and pre-warning of disease outbreak system should also be established if necessary.Meanwhile,the manning of medical team and the preparation of medical supplies should conform to the features and distribution regularity of diseases spectrum during a long oceangoing mission.