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Discontinuous biomass recycling as a successful strategy to enhance continuous hydrogen production at high organic loading rates

Affiliation:	1. Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., División de Ciencias Ambientales, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4a Sección, C.P., 78216, San Luis Potosí, México;2. Microbial Ecology Laboratory, BioGem Department, Biological Research Institute Clemente Estable, Av. Italia, 3318, Montevideo, Uruguay;1. Tampere University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, P.O. Box 541, FI-33104, Tampere, Finland;2. Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio, 21, 80125, Napoli, Italy;3. INRAE, Univ Montpellier, LBE, Narbonne, France;1. Biological Process Laboratory, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Environmental Engineering, Bloco 4-F, Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Santa Angelina, 13563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil;2. Marine Institute, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Dr. Carvalho de Mendonça 144, 11070-102, Santos, SP, Brazil;3. Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Bairro Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil;4. Department of Soil Science, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil;5. Deltares, Daltonlaan 600, 3584 BK Utrecht, the Netherlands;6. Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands;1. Department of Environmental Technology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, C.P. 44270 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico;2. Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, P. O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, the Netherlands;1. Laboratório de Processos Biológicos, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo (LPB/EESC/USP), Av. João Dagnone 1100 - Santa Angelina, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil;2. Departamento de Engenharia Química, Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo (DEQ/EP/USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bloco 18 – Conjunto das Químicas, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil;1. División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, A.C. Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4a Sección, C.P. 78216 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico;2. LBE, INRA, 102 avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France

Abstract:	A novel strategy to discontinuously increase the biomass concentration in a continuous stirred-tank reactor was evaluated to enhance the performance of dark fermentation. Different concentrations of biomass were evaluated at organic loading rates (OLR) ranging from 90 to 160 g lactose/L-d with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6 h. The study revealed that the discontinuous increase of biomass enhanced the hydrogen (H₂) production rates and carboxylic acids concentrations by 19–25% and 8–23%, respectively. In particular, a maximum H₂ production rate of 30.8 L H₂/L-d with carboxylic acids concentration of 20 g/L was reached at an OLR of 138 g lactose/L-d with a biomass concentration of 15 g volatile suspended solids/L. The analysis of microbial communities showed the co-dominance of Clostridium and lactic acid bacteria. Overall, the discontinuous increase of biomass was an effective strategy to improve the performance of suspended-biomass reactors operated at high OLR and low HRT.

Keywords:	Biomass concentration Carboxylic acids Dark fermentation Specific organic loading rate Suspended-biomass reactor
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