2,2-二硝基丁醇的合成及其应用

偕二硝基类化合物是一种化学性能优良、热稳定性好的含能材料。2,2–二硝基丁醇(DNBOH)是合成偕二硝基类含能材料的重要中间体之一。介绍了DNBOH的几种合成方法:氯化硝化法、硝酸银氧化硝化法、新型氧化硝化法和电化学法。分析比较了各种方法的优缺点。结果表明,新型氧化硝化法是一种成本低廉、环境友好的合成方法,电化学法减少了原料的用量,降低了三废的处理量,具有较好的研究价值和应用前景。介绍了DNBOH在合成新型含能增塑剂和黏合剂方面的应用。

Synthesis and Application of 2,2-Dinitrobutanol

Gem-dinitro compounds are a kind of energetic materials with excellent chemical properties and thermal stability.The 2,2-dinitrobutanol(DNBOH) is one of the most important intermediates for preparing gem-dinitro energetic materials.Several synthesis methods of DNBOH such as chlorinating nitrating method,AgNO3 oxidative nitrating method,novel oxidative nitrating method and electrochemical method are introduced.The advantages and disadvantages of each method are analyzed and compared.The results show that the novel oxidative nitrating method is a low cost and eco-friendly synthesis method.The electrochemical method can reduce the using amount of raw materials and decrease "three wastes" treatment quantity.Therefore they possess better research value and application prospect.The applications of DNBOH in synthesis of novel energetic plasticizers and binders are introduced.