一段式厌氧氨氧化工艺亚硝酸盐氧化菌抑制方法研究进展

近年来，厌氧氨氧化工艺（anaerobic ammonium oxidation, Anammox）作为一种新型的脱氮技术，由于其耗能少、效率高而被应用于高氨氮废水的处理中。然而，实际运行的厌氧氨氧化工程中有时会出现亚硝酸盐氧化菌（nitrite oxidizing bacteria, NOB）大量繁殖的情况，导致硝酸盐积累，脱氮效率下降。在一段式Anammox反应器中，通过控制某些影响因素，如调节体系中的溶解氧，控制游离氨和游离亚硝酸的浓度，调控碳源浓度以及外加中间产物（N₂H₄、NO和NH₂OH）等方式，能够在维持Anammox工艺脱氮效率的同时有效抑制NOB。除了系统地综述一段式Anammox工艺中NOB抑制手段以外，将进一步讨论实际Anammox工程应用中抑制NOB大量繁殖行之有效的手段。

A review on regulation methods of nitrite oxidizing bacteria in one-stage anaerobic ammonia oxidation process

In recent years,anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox), a new technology for nitrogen removal, has been used in the treatment of high-strength ammonia wastewater due to its low energy consumption and high treatment efficiency. Whereas, the accumulation of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) often occurs in full-scale Anammox process, leading to the accumulation of nitrate and deterioration of nitrogen removal effectiveness. In two-stage Anammox processes, NOB accumulation often occurs in partial nitritation stage, the inhibition of which has been discussed in details. While in one-stage Anammox process, NOB accumulation is more common and fatal due to the complexity brought by the coexistence of functional bacteria like ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB), NOB, anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) and denitrifiers. It has been reported that NOB could be effectively suppressed in the one-stage Anammox process by some methods, e.g. regulating dissolved oxygen, altering the free ammonia and free nitrous acid concentration, adjusting carbon source and adding externally intermediate products (N₂H₄, NO, NH₂OH), etc. The regulation methods mentioned above are systematically introduced on the basis of previous reports. Moreover, in practical Anammox crafts, the inhibitory methods should be conducted according to the specific operational conditions, and thus the available methods are further discussed.