不同类型粪肥还田对土壤酶活性及微生物群落的影响

畜禽粪便作为有机肥还田有利于农业可持续发展、减少环境污染。为探究种植青贮玉米条件下,不同粪肥还田后对土壤酶活性及微生物群落的影响,在内蒙古乌兰察布市设置田间试验,包括化肥(F)、羊粪(GM)、猪粪(PM)、牛粪(CM)四个处理。结果表明,施用粪肥较化肥增加土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、铵态氮等养分含量,但差异性不显著。不同粪肥较化肥处理的土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性最高增幅分别为32.4%、150.4%、26.8%和30.1%。牛粪处理的土壤微生物量碳氮显著提高,分别较化肥增加33.2%和33.4%。不同处理在细菌门水平上的优势种群较一致,放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)是优势种群。本实验条件下,施用不同类型粪肥对土壤养分和酶活性的影响不同,牛粪处理更能提高土壤微生物量碳氮,短期内施用不同粪肥对于提高土壤微生物群落多样性差异不显著,土壤pH、有效磷、无机氮是影响土壤微生物群落结构的主要环境因子。

Effects of Different Manures on Soil Enzyme Activity and Microbial Community

The application of livestock and poultry manure as organic fertilizer is beneficial to the sustainable development of agriculture and the reduction of environmental pollution. To explore the effects of different manures on soil enzyme activities and microbial communities under the conditions of planting silage maize, a field experiment was conducted in Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia, including four treatments of chemical fertilizer (F), goat manure (GM), pig manure (PM) and cow manure (CM). The results showed that, compared with chemical fertilizer, application of manure increased the contents of soil nutrients such as organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen, but the difference was not significant. Compared with chemical fertilizer treatments, the highest increase rates of soil urease, invertase, alkaline phosphatase and catalase activities in different manure treatments were 32.4%, 150.4%, 26.8% and 30.1%, respectively. The soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen significantly increased in cow manure treatment, by 33.2% and 33.4%, respectively, compared with that of chemical fertilizer treament. The dominant populations of different treatments at the bacterial phyla level were relatively consistent, which were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes. Under the experimental conditions, the application of different types of manure has different effects on soil nutrients and enzyme activities. Cow manure treatment can improve soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen. The short-term application of different manures has no significant difference in improving the diversity of soil microbial communities, soil pH, available phosphorus, and inorganic nitrogen are the main environmental factors that affect the structure of soil microbial community.